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An efficient identity management system has become one of the fundamental requirements for ensuring safe, secure, and transparent use of identifiable information and attributes. Federated Identity Management (FIdM) allows users to distribute their identity information across security domains which increases the portability of their digital identities, and it is considered a promising approach to facilitate secure resource sharing among collaborating participants in heterogeneous IT environments. However, it also raises new architectural challenges and significant security and privacy issues that need to be mitigated. In this paper, we provide a comparison between FIdM architectures, presented the limitations and risks in FIdM system, and discuss the results and proposed solutions.

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Technological revolution that has conquered the world and the In the modern life, the internet network become important part in the life because it provides many effective services in many fields that leading the responsible Categories to interested in improve quality of services (QOS) for the network.There are increasing in using internet networks and many new modern services access in the life fields that leading to emergence of many problems and challenges in network. The delay is the most effected in the network because it caused reducing in QOS.The real time application is modern services such as voice and video which needing more time and effort to transfer data in the network because it have large data that making it to be the most effect applications by delay.A large number from network studding interested in create new technical to improve QOS in local area networks and wide area networks that using different technical methods. This study interested in showing the importance in using VLAN technology to improve QOS and it refers to its role in reducing the delay in the network.The structures of network when building it or improving it that is more important and sensitive thing that effected in ability it in providing the services in effective way. That referred to manage the networks and divided it into parts helping to transfer data in direct way to selected partition not all. Vlan technology mean divided the local area network in to many departments to give the security for each departments and acceleration of the arrival of the data, which sent to it. That in clearly referring to overcome the problem of delay when using VLAN technology and improve QOS for the networks.

Objectives:  The study aimed to identify the forms of bullying in the academic work environment, reveal its causes, and provide suggested solutions to combat and reduce it. Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 361 faculty members at King Saud University, chosen using the stratified random method. The descriptive analytical approach was used as a research methodology, and a questionnaire tool was applied to collect data. Results: The findings of the study showed that among the forms of bullying that obtained a high degree of agreement from the study sample were deliberate isolation and exclusion from committees, activities, and events; obstruction of important goals such as access to academic leadership positions or benefiting from university resources; and settling personal scores through means such as performance evaluation, hindering job promotion, and discussing scientific theses/dissertations. The study findings also showed a very high degree of agreement among the study sample members on the causes of bullying, including the lack of anti-bullying policies and the absence of a culture promoting human rights in the academic work environment. Conclusion: The study concluded that establishing an anti-bullying policy at the university, the adoption of a framework by the university administration to change the culture of tolerance and condoning of bullying, and raising awareness among faculty members about the anti-bullying policy and its written rules through awareness programs are among the suggested solutions for combating bullying, which received a very high degree of agreement from study participants.