This article aims to investigate the Grand Challenges which arise in the current and emerging landscape of rapid technological evolution towards more intelligent interactive technologies, coupled with increased and widened societal needs, as well as individual and collective expectations that HCI, as a discipline, is called upon to address. A perspective oriented to humane and social values is adopted, formulating the challenges in terms of the impact of emerging intelligent interactive technologies on human life both at the individual and societal levels. Seven Grand Challenges are identified and presented in this article: Human-Technology Symbiosis; Human-Environment Interactions; Ethics, Privacy and Security; Well-being, Health and Eudaimonia; Accessibility and Universal Access; Learning and Creativity; and Social Organization and Democracy. Although not exhaustive, they summarize the views and research priorities of an international interdisciplinary group of experts, reflecting different scientific perspectives, methodological approaches and application domains. Each identified Grand Challenge is analyzed in terms of: concept and problem definition; main research issues involved and state of the art; and associated emerging requirements. BACKGROUNDThis article presents the results of the collective effort of a group of 32 experts involved in the community of the Human Computer Interaction International (HCII) Conference series. The group's collaboration started in early 2018 with the collection of opinions from all group members, each asked to independently list and describe five HCI grand challenges. During a one-day meeting held on the 20th July 2018 in the context of the HCI International 2018 Conference in Las Vegas, USA, the identified topics were debated and challenges were formulated in terms of the impact of emerging intelligent interactive technologies on human life both at the individual and societal levels. Further analysis and consolidation led to a set of seven Grand Challenges presented herein. This activity was organized and supported by the HCII Conference series.

No abstract

Smart artifacts promise to enhance the relationships among participants in distributed working groups, maintaining personal mobility while offering opportunities for the collaboration, informal communication, and social awareness that contribute to the synergy and cohesiveness inherent in collocated teams

INTRODUCTIONDiscussing relevant issues for the next generation of hypermedia systems, Halasz [Hala88] provides also a classification along the following three dimensions: scope, browsing vs. authoring, and target task domain. In this paper, we will especially discuss aspects of the second dimension focussing on support for idea processing and authoring in hypertext systems. Although one cannot classify existing systems by assigning them exclusively to one category of this dimension1 hypertext systems are primarily discussed from the reading and browsing point of view and as support for retrieval. This is also reflected in attempts to transform existing (linear) text sources into hypertext structures in order to pro& from their additional interactive branching capabilities.On the other hand, if one really wants to make use of the full concept of hypertext structures as described by Conklin [ConkS7], this offers new and exciting possibilities for writing and for ways to support this activity. From our point of view [Stre88bl, writing is a complex problem solving and design activity with multiple constraints. The final product -in terms of a hyperdocument -can be viewed as an externalized representation of internal knowledge structures which have been developed by the author. Thus, authoring tools which are especially geared to the preparation of hyperdocuments will offer much better facilities for conveying the message and intention of authors. This way, they can communicate knowledge in a format which is closer to their knowledge structures than it was possible with traditional documents. Integrating additional information about the author's intentions and knowledge structure and shipping it to the reader as part of an electronic document facilitates more comprehensive processing on the recipient's side. It implies that documents produced with these tools keep authors' knowledge structures alive by preserving their argumentation and rhetorical structures which then can be used for subsequent processing. This improves not only reception by human readers but also by text analysis components for machine translation or automated abstracting. While it is very difficult today to analyse argumentative and rhetorical aspects of natural language texts, these documents would contain this information explicitly. We will provide examples of this additional information when discussing the activity and document type "argumentation" which we selected as our task domain.Another starting point for our research is the observation that almost all hypertext systems are -especially with respect to authoring -passive systems, i.e. they do not offer active (intelligent) support to the author by providing feedback, advice, or guiding. Of 1 A clearcut distinction has been employed only with the separation of Concordia and the Document Examiner lJValk871. Hypertext '89 Proceedings 343 November 1989course, the realization of this goal requires the integration of knowledge-based capabilities in a hypertext system. This implies that the arc...