Ernst Rüdin (1874-1952) was the founder of psychiatric genetics and was also a founder of the German racial hygiene movement. Throughout his long career he played a major role in promoting eugenic ideas and policies in Germany, including helping formulate the 1933 Nazi eugenic sterilization law and other governmental policies directed against the alleged carriers of genetic defects. In the 1940s Rüdin supported the killing of children and mental patients under a Nazi program euphemistically called "Euthanasia." The authors document these crimes and discuss their implications, and also present translations of two publications Rüdin co-authored in 1938 showing his strong support for Hitler and his policies. The authors also document what they see as revisionist historical accounts by leading psychiatric genetic authors. They outline three categories of contemporary psychiatric genetic accounts of Rüdin and his work: (A) those who write about German psychiatric genetics in the Nazi period, but either fail to mention Rüdin at all, or cast him in a favorable light; (B) those who acknowledge that Rüdin helped promote eugenic sterilization and/or may have worked with the Nazis, but generally paint a positive picture of Rüdin's research and fail to mention his participation in the "euthanasia" killing program; and (C) those who have written that Rüdin committed and supported unspeakable atrocities. The authors conclude by calling on the leaders of psychiatric genetics to produce a detailed and complete account of their field's history, including all of the documented crimes committed by Rüdin and his associates.
This article describes the St. Martin'sCenter for Health Services in Trenton, New Jersey, and the conceptual model underlying its work. In its community orientation, the Health Center can serve as a model for integrated medical, psychological, and social services to people living in a poor and underserved neighborhood. The reflections emphasize aspects of the Center that are particularly crucial for effective and comprehensive community healthcare. The material presented here was originally prepared for a workshop at the Coalition * I would like to acknowledge the contributions of my colleagues at the St. Martin's Center for Health Services from whom I learned so much, personally and professionally. Without the team members' familiarity with the lives and cultures of the people in the Center's neighborhood, I would have remained a stranger. The staff members' competence in their traditional disciplines and their skills in working with the community have made the Center a place of hope in the neighborhood. I am grateful for the patience and openness with which they have welcomed me, an outsider, and have listened to my ideas. Above all, I admire their devotion and commitment to the well-being of the people in the Wilbur section of Trenton.t Psychologist and Co-founder of the
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