In year 2016, Malaysia produce about 6.8 million tonnes of fly ash from six coal fired electric power station and this figure will increase due high demand of electric production. Fly ash is a waste product from the combustion of pulverized coal in electricity power plants and considered as a contributing factor for air, water and soil pollution that lead to human health problems and various geo-environmental issue. However, fly ash can be converted into valuable and useful product if properly utilized and many researches has been carried out in aim to increase the utilization of fly ash in various sectors especially in construction sector. In line with current economic conditions, all construction works required cost efficient with good quality of work. Therefore, fly ash is suitable to be used as an alternative raw material to enhance or replacing the existing construction material. In produce construction material many different industries and construction because it is oxide-rich material. The paper will be discussing the potential of managing waste of fly ash by utilizing it as construction materials.

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Environmental pollution caused by waste disposal namely palm oil clinker and fly ash from palm oil industry and coal power plant respectively needs to be resolved. The present investigation explores the influence of fly ash (FA) as partial cement replacement on workability, compressive strength and flexural strength of palm oil clinker lightweight aggregate concrete. A total of five types of mixes consisting 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% FA as cement replacement were used. All specimens were subjected to curing process by immersing it in water until the testing date. Concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength and flexural strength test at 7 and 28 days. Incorporation of fly ash as partial cement replacement influences the fresh and hardened properties of this lightweight aggregate concrete. This novel finding shows that integration of up to 20% FA increases workability and contribute to strength enhancement of palm oil clinker lightweight aggregate concrete.

Pervious concrete is not environmentally friendly due to presences of non-renewable material in its production. Pervious concrete has made a comeback as a green infrastructure and researchers came up with a proposal to use waste materials that potentially to work well as material in pervious concrete. The used of palm kernel shell (PKS) in pervious concrete is consider brilliant because Malaysia is of the larger oil palm producer in the world. In this study, natural aggregate was partially replaced by 0, 10, 15, and 20% by weight of PKS aggregate to produce lightweight pervious concrete based PKS. The testing conducted comprise of density, void content, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Inclusion of PKS aggregate reduces the mechanical properties of pervious concrete but significantly higher than recommended in the standard, utilizing some PKS aggregate as partial aggregate at up to 20% substitution level can produce lightweight PKS-pervious concrete. The pervious concrete containing 10% of PKS aggregate presented the most optimum mixture. Besides, the use of PKS as aggregate replacement in pervious concrete mixture indicates a good potential towards sourcing alternative sustainable materials for concrete.

The high dependency of construction industry on supply of river sand has initiated research to find other alternative materials that can be used as partial sand replacement in concrete production. Two types of material, that is palm oil clinker (POC) which continuously produced waste from local palm oil industry and freely available laterite aggregate on earth surface have been investigated its potential to be used as partial sand replacement in concrete. The present research was carried out to determine the workability and compressive strength of concrete containing laterite aggregate and crushed palm oil clinker as partial fine aggregates replacement. Concrete mixes have been prepared by integrating various proportions of laterite aggregate and palm oil clinker by weight of river sand. The compressive strength test was conducted on the continuously water cured specimens at 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed a perfect combination of fine laterite and fine palm oil clinker on S1 (25% of FL + 25% of FPOC) as partial fine aggregate replacement contributed towards enhancement of concrete strength.