Flexible online programmes and learning are gaining popularity as a means of educating students. It can also facilitate the delivery of knowledge to pupils, as well as facilitating the learning process. The purpose of this study was to investigate Online Learning Challenges following the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Malaysia. This study employs the qualitative and Fuzzy Delphi Method in collecting the data. In the qualitative research phase, open-ended questions were distributed to 118 participants, while in the Fuzzy Delphi phase, expert questionnaires were distributed to 7 experts in the field of study. Qualitative data were analysed using Atlas-ti software, whereas Fuzzy Delphi data was analysed using Fudelo 1.0 software. The qualitative study discovered that students confront seven significant challenges: internet coverage, mental fatigue, learning devices, environmental disturbance, pedagogical challenges, lack of motivation, and social interaction.Meanwhile, the fuzzy Delphi analysis of the expert consensus of the theme is at a reasonable level. The overall expert consensus agreement findings exceed 75%, the overall value of the threshold (d) is 0.2, and the -cut exceeds 0.5. The study provides important insights into online learning issues and the fields for further improvement. This study also discusses the avenue for future research by future researchers for more significant benefits and contributions to knowledge in general.

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Purpose – This study describes implementing the experiential learning-based spiritual learning model for high school students. Design/methods/approach – This research adopts a qualitative methodology with a narrative approach, focusing on thirteen Islamic religion teachers from both public and private high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia. Findings – This study divides the findings into three, namely teacher understanding, forms of application and constraints in experiential learning. Teachers' understanding of experiential learning based on this research is not evenly distributed. meaning that the teacher in theory does not know much but some have practiced it. the application of learning is carried out using online media. while the constraints faced came from internal and external factors. Research implications/limitations – This research recommends the use of experiential learning to enhance religious education. Teachers need to develop innovative learning strategies, while students should actively participate in the learning process and apply their experiences. The study also suggests that schools should incorporate experiential learning methods in their curriculum to enhance the effectiveness of religious education. These recommendations provide practical insights into developing religious education based on experiential learning. Originality/value – The study found similarities in the application of experiential learning in religious education between Indonesia and Malaysia, including the use of video media to increase students' interest in the material. However, both countries face similar obstacles, such as the need to increase teacher competence in innovative learning strategies, the presence of noise in new learning, and the need for standard syllabi.

The outbreak of Covid 19 requires students to learn online including for Islamic education courses. This paper aims to investigate students' motivation to learn Islamic education online. The research was conducted in January 2022 in three branches of one higher learning institution in Malaysia. The research used a quantitative approach to explore motivational beliefs and learning strategies for Islamic education amongst students. A sample of 139 students was purposively selected to answer a survey that was adapted from Pintrich & Ge Groot. The instrument contained three main sections which were a demographic profile, motivational beliefs and learning strategies. The motivational beliefs included self-efficacy, intrinsic values and test anxiety while learning strategies included cognitive strategy and selfregulation. The result indicated that the level of motivational beliefs was moderately high and most of the students used cognitive strategies in their learning. Intrinsic value was a key feature that shapes students' motivation in learning Islamic education online. This study suggests that lecturers can help to improve students' motivational beliefs and learning strategies by giving students challenging assignments. Lecturers also have to consistently motivate students to relate their learning process with the responsibility of a servant and Caliph of God to stimulate and strengthen students' intrinsic values.

There has been an increased number of elder abuse cases in recent years due to ageing populations in many countries. As emerging evidence indicates, the prevalence of abuse and neglect of older people in our country reflects the heirs' and descendants' failure to apply the Islamic principle of maqasid shariah (Objective of Shariah) in caring for Muslim elderly people, which is strongly supported by Islam. From this point of departure, the purpose of this study is to examine the care for elderly Muslim citizens based on the established principle of maqasid shariah, as well as the support and charity issues associated with the Muslim elderly, with special consideration given to the Senior Citizens Activity Center (PAWE)Pahang Darul Makmur. A qualitative case study design was used in the current study involving officers or administrators of the Senior Citizens Activity Center (PAWE) in a district of Pahang state using a semi-structured interview instrument. The sample was purposely selected from seven districts in Pahang, the Bera, Cameron Highland, Jengka, Maran, Muadzam, Raub, and Temerloh districts. An analysis of the interview findings was conducted using content analysis. As a result of this study, PAWE is recognized as an important institution for elderly care activities and fulfilling leisure time following the principle of maqasid shariah. The responsibility of supporting parents, especially the elderly, lies with their children. The assistance provided by other institutions and bodies, such as the Department of Community Welfare (JKM), serves only as additional support in achieving the goals of the Senior Citizens Policy (DWEN).