Electro‐spinning was made using silk fibroin and it was found that silk fibroin nanofibers of partially oriented amorphous structure are producible using HFIP(1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro‐2‐propanol) as a solvent for fibroin via the electro‐spinning setup equipped with parallel electrodes as a collector. Transformation from amorphous to silk I of a highly contracted beta‐turn form or amorphous to silk II of a regular array of antiparallel beta‐sheets occurred preferentially via the treatment with water vapor or ethanol, respectively. In addition the c‐axis of crystallites was oriented parallel to the fiber axis. When the electro‐spinning was made using a dish‐type collector filled with ethanol, a peculiar web texture was obtained. Such a web texture seems to be brought about by the shrinkage of fiber due to the crystallization of fibroin and/or surface tension of ethanol droplets formed between the fibers. In this spinning setup, the c‐axis of crystallites was also oriented parallel to the fiber axis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

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This paper provides a field test of a new power consumption billing division for building air-conditioning systems. Since almost all power is consumed by a shared outdoor unit, power consumption bill must be logically divided among each tenant's indoor unit without using any physical meters. First, the paper discusses the algorithm of our 'virtual wattmeter' method for a logical division of the power consumption. Our field test result shows that the correlation coefficient between set room temperature and billing division was significant, and shifting the set temperature by 1 • C had the effect of decreasing the hourly billing division by 21%. Thus, our virtual wattmeter is a unique method that can reflect the user's energy-saving intention by adjusting the set temperature on the power consumption billing division. 

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