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Electrochemical intercalation of lithium into carbons has been studied using mesophase‐pitch‐based carbon fibers with different heat‐treatment temperatures, coke, and graphites as anodes for secondary lithium batteries. The variations in the average layer spacing and the voltage profile for the carbons with intercalating depend on the degree of graphitization. The intercalation into a more disordered carbon fiber heated at 900°C has been characterized as intercalation into the layer structure for 0

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Nanosilicon cluster-SiO x -C composites including nanosize Si particles were prepared by using the disproportionation of silicon mono-oxide and the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol. The applicability of nanosilicon composites as anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries was investigated on the basis of X-ray diffraction measurement, observation by transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ and electrochemical studies. TEM analysis showed that Si clusters in the range of 2-10 nm were distributed homogeneously within silicon oxide phases. The nanosilicon composite anode had a large capacity of ca. 700 mAh/g and a long cycle life of Ͼ200 cycles. The improvement of cyclability is due to the nanosize Si particles and their uniform dispersion within the silicon oxide phase retained by the carbon matrix, which could effectively suppress the pulverizing of Si particles by the volume change during lithium insertion and extraction.

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