Recent analysis of the codon-72 polymorphism of the p53 gene, the allele encoding proline or arginine, suggested that the homozygous Arg/Arg genotype is a significant risk factor for cervical cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). We investigated the polymorphism of p53 in cervical condylomas, cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs), and cervical cancers, evaluating clinical implications of the polymorphism of p53 in development of cervical neoplasms. DNA from 87 cervical cancer tissues, 28 CIN tissues, and seven cervical condyloma tissues were examined for the presence of HPV DNA by the consensus PCR method and the p53 polymorphism was analyzed by PCR using an allele-specific primer. The frequencies of p53Pro, p53Arg, and p53 Pro/Arg were 14.3%, 57.1%, and 28.6% in condyloma patients; 21.4%, 39.3%, and 35.7% in CIN patients; and 10.3%, 44.8%, and 42.5% in cervical cancer patients, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the distribution of p53 genotypes were found among the patients with these diseases, regardless of HPV status. Furthermore, there was no clear correlation between the polymorphism of p53 and age, histopathologic type, clinical stage, or lymph node metastasis. Nor was there any evidence of a correlation between the p53 genotype and the outcome for patients with HPV-positive uterine cervical cancer.

41This questionnaire survey was conducted at 11 hospitals in Japan to determine 42 vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza and the prevalence rate of influenza 43 among pregnant Japanese women. Of 2808 postpartum women who gave birth at the 11 44 hospitals during the study period from March 1, 2014, to July 31, 2014, 1713 influenza infection rate by 35% (3.9% vs. 6.3% for women with and without 55 vaccination, respectively; P=0.0272). Seventy-two (83%) of the 87 women took 56 antiviral agents for the treatment of influenza and two (2.3%) required hospitalization. 57These results suggested that pregnant Japanese women had a high level of concern 58 regarding seasonal influenza. However, campaigns targeting young pregnant Japanese 59 women as well as multiparous women for vaccination are needed to further reduce the 60 incidence of influenza among pregnant Japanese women. 61 62

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