Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation showed a unique circadian variation that differed from the well-known pattern for acute cardiovascular events, a point that should be kept in mind when antiarrhythmic therapy is evaluated. Identification of factors that regulate the circadian pattern of the maintenance and termination of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may lead to better chronotherapy for preventing perpetuation of this arrhythmia.

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on behalf of the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators* Background--To clarify the influence of hypertension and blood pressure (BP) control on thromboembolism and major hemorrhage in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, a post hoc analysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry was performed.

Even short-term high-rate atrial excitation could differentially alter the mRNA levels of Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 in a rate-dependent manner. In particular, increased Kv1.5 gene expression, having a transient nature, implied the possible biochemical electrical remodeling unique to paroxysmal tachycardia.

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