SUMMARYAn improved moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was developed for numerical simulations of convective heat transfer problems. The MPS method, which is based on particles and their interactions, is a fully Lagrangian particle method for incompressible ows. A new Laplacian model and a new method for treating boundary conditions were proposed to solve numerical di culties resulting from the original MPS method. Results of several numerical tests show the validity of the improved MPS method with the proposed model and method.The application of the present MPS method to Rayleigh-Benard convection phenomena demonstrated the e ectiveness of the proposed model and method on the numerical simulation of convective heat transfer problems. The dependence of the Nusselt number on the Rayleigh number was in good agreement with an empirical formula. The temperature contour and velocity distribution also agree well with the simulation results obtained with other methods. The roll pattern developed in the horizontal uid layer as well as the convective heat transfer was successfully simulated with three-dimensional MPS calculations.

SUMMARYA new algorithm for the surface tension model was developed for moving particle methods. The algorithm is based on the link-list search algorithm and the continuum surface tension (CST) model. The developed algorithm with the CST model was implemented to a kind of moving particle approach, the finite volume particle (FVP) method. The FVP method with the new algorithm was tested by oscillatory behaviour of a two-dimensional droplet. The oscillatory period agrees well with analytical one, and the transient shape of the droplet is also in good agreement with that obtained by other numerical methods. The droplet impact on a liquid surface was also studied using the new algorithm. The deposition and splashing phenomena were clearly reproduced. Simulated spread radius of the splashing phenomena was consistent with a power law.

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A reflection objective-employed collinear thermal lens microscope (roco-TLM) is developed in which a reflection objective lens is used for collinearly focusing, in a mode-mismatched configuration, both an excitation laser beam at 260 nm and a probe laser beam at 632 nm. With the microscope, unsymmetrical distortions of a thermal lens image obtained with a reflection objective were reduced. The cause of the diffraction pattern in a thermal lens image observed with the roco-TLM is discussed as well. #

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