Melioidosis can happen in humans and animals. It has a wide range of clinical presentations that include asymptomatic infection, ulcers or abscesses of the skin, pneumonia, and multiple internal organ abscesses that may lead to fulminant septic shock. The organism presence in soil and surface of the water. We present a case of a non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patient presented with multiple carbuncles and respiratory melioidosis in which we are able to isolate B. pseudomallei after prolonging the plate incubation for 48-hours. We also suggested available tests in most diagnostic microbiology laboratory for identification of the organism. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.456-458

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a virus under the Herpesviridae family. We describe two case reports on different manifestations of infants with CMV infection presented with neonatal jaundice, small for gestational age (SGA) and congenital cataract. Congenital CMV (cCMV) was diagnosed in a neonate presented with jaundice and SGA. cCMV cannot be excluded in another case as no CMV PCR done within 3 weeks of life. Only one cCMV infection was treated with 6 weeks of ganciclovir anti-viral therapy, which presented with neonatal jaundice, SGA with a very high CMV viral load. All cases were under multidisciplinary follow[1]up, including pediatric for developmental assessments, audiologist for hearing assessment, and ophthalmology for vision assessment. These case reports describe the importance of thorough clinical examination and early screening of CMV infection in infants to rule out cCMV as CMV is the commonest congenital treatable viral infection in Malaysia. Early treatment and intervention can be planned for child wellbeing.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading infectious cause of congenital hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disability. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and clinical manifestations of infants age 12 months and below with CMV infection in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM) and to determine the correlation between CMV PCR with clinical outcomes. A total of 648 hospitalized infants with clinically suspected cases of cytomegalovirus infection admitted to Hospital USM from January 2018 to December 2018 were tested for anti-CMV IgM and IgG by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method. The results suggestive of CMV infection were requested for the second serum sample at 2-4 weeks’ interval together with plasma samples for CMV DNA viral load quantification by real-time PCR and maternal sample for serological analysis. Correlation of CMV viral load with clinical outcomes was analyzed using the point- biserial correlation. The results showed that the prevalence of acute CMV infection was 6.48 % (42/648) and cCMV infection was 0.3% (n=2/648). The findings were as follows: acute CMV infection (n = 42), passive immunity (n = 113) and inconclusive (n =41).) CMV hepatitis (p-value= 0.018), rash (p-value= 0.043), presumed sepsis (p-value=0.044) and abnormal hearing (p-value 0.031) were significantly associated with CMV status. Significant moderate correlation between CMV viral load and abnormal hearing assessment was observed. As a conclusion, CMV hepatitis, presumed sepsis, rash, and abnormal hearing were associated with the infant's CMV status. A significant correlation was found between CMV viral load and abnormal hearing.

Background:The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important and poorly studied pathogen of worldwide distribution that causes enteric hepatitis. The HEV infection in humans is usually selflimited. However, cases of severe fulminant hepatitis have been reported in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients.In Argentina, serological evidence of human HEV infection has been described in different geographical regions. In Córdoba, HEV prevalence of 4.4% in general population, 7.3% in HIV + individuals, 5.8% in solid organ transplant patients and 10.2% in hemodialysis patients have been documented. Besides, RNA-HEV detections have been performed and genotype 3 was detected.The aim of this research was to describe the circulation of HEV in pregnant women from Córdoba, know if there were symptomatic cases, analyse risk factors related to the infection, and compare the findings with the non-pregnant control group Methods and materials: A total of 202 serum samples from pregnant women (52 prospective and 150 retrospective samples), and 155 samples from non-pregnant women with the same ages (control group) from Córdoba were analysed for IgG anti-HEV detection. Positive samples were tested for IgM anti-HEV and RNA-HEV. Two samples from pregnant women with acute hepatitis were also analysed for HEV detection.Results: The seropositivity of IgG anti-HEV obtained for pregnant women was 8.4%, higher than the 2.6% obtained in the control group, and association between pregnancy and HEV infection was found (p = 0.023). There were no differences between seropositivity rates according to the trimester of pregnancy, although differences were found among age groups, with the higher prevalence in pregnant women younger than 25 years (16.7%, p = 0.032).From the IgG anti-HEV + patients, 2 presented IgM anti-HEV, although both were asymptomatic. None of these samples were positive for RNA-HEV detection. Conclusion:The present study shows, for the first time, the circulation of HEV in pregnant women from Córdoba, generating data that contributes to improve the surveillance and diagnosis of a virus little known in our environment, and under-diagnosed. These association between pregnancy and HEV infection should alert the local health team to consider this microorganism as an agent of liver disease in pregnant women.