Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis mimics benign skin and soft tissue neoplasms clinically. Histopathological examination along with cytology plays a major role in diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis and thus helps in appropriate patient management.

Background Orbital hematolymphoid lesions are rare and usually encountered in elderly patients. Orbital lesions are not easy to biopsy: hence fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can be a very good diagnostic modality for these lesions. Materials and Methods Cases of orbital masses subjected to FNAC dating from 2013 to 2020 were retrieved from our archives. A total of 16 cases with biopsy confirmation were included. All clinical details, the type of procedure, details of the immunocytochemistry (ICC) performed on smear, follow‐up biopsy, and their haematological work‐up were analysed in detail. Results Sixteen biopsy‐confirmed cases had been diagnosed as orbital haematolymphoid lesions on cytomorphology and further categorised with ancillary studies including ICC. In twelve instances, the cytology impression was congruent with the histopathological diagnosis and eight of the sixteen cases (50%) proved to be primary orbital lymphoma. Four were secondary orbital lymphomas and the remaining four included one case each of plasmacytoma, myeloid sarcoma, Rosai‐Dorfman disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Conclusion FNAC is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing most of the haematolymphoid orbital lesions and it has a rapid turnaround time. The accuracy of cytomorphology combined with ICC on smears/cell blocks can be as good as a biopsy for exact categorisation. Additionally, aspirate smears are preferred samples for cytogenetics compared to formalin‐fixed tissue blocks, as molecular cytogenetics techniques are frequently employed for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.

No abstract

An intraosseous ganglion is a rare lesion which can be confused clinically and radiologically with bony neoplasms. This lesion can be accurately diagnosed on FNAC when biopsy may not be very useful.

No abstract