Background: Women who have had abortions are almost immediately pregnant-risk, low post-abortion family planning usage perceived to be one of the primary and significant factors that cause of induced abortion and spontaneous abortion. The aim of the study was to determine the factors in which the women accept post-abortion contraceptive methods among abortion care service patients in our hospital. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Riphah International hospital, Islamabad, for six month duration from March 2022 to August 2022. Methods: 125 out of 150 participant (abortion clients) selected by sampling technique were interviewed in Mayo hospital, Lahore. We analyzed dependent and independent variables. Data analysis was done statistically by SPSS 20 version. Results: This study included 150 participants who had a first trimester abortion between the study periods, 25 participants in this study were not willing to participate in the study, ultimately the responding rate of 83%. Among the 125 participants 92% were within the age group 21-39. The maximum participants were Muslim 92% and 8% non-Muslim. The maximum participants were married 96% and 4% unmarried. Most of the participants had only received the educational status 76%. This study indicate the strong relationship between women age 21-39 with the high usage of post-abortion contraceptive 92% as compared to >40 years. The participants in our study were used 85% contraceptive method. Conclusion: Our finding shows that providing appropriate medical advice and contraceptive counseling services can increase contraceptive acceptance. Keywords: Post-abortion contraceptive, family planning, contraceptive counseling services.

The 40-50% infertility cases are reported to be because of the male partner. For the accurate investigation of the cause of infertility in couples, the semen analysis is considered as the effective and fundamental tool. It not only assesses the sperm maturity and formation, but also provide with the insights into the quality and production of sperm. Objectives: To analyze the semen pattern of the infertile male. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrician department of Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot. The study was carried out by collecting data from male infertile patients that visited tertiary care unit for a duration of six months from July 2021 to December 2021. All participants were fully aware of the objective of the study; as written consent was taken from them. The abnormal features of semen were analyzed. The various features of oligozoospermia and normospermia were studied and it was found. Results: A total of 260 individuals participated in this study, among them there were 204 that had primary infertility issues and 56 had secondary infertility issues. There were just 2 infertile male partners that were greater than 50 years of age. It was found that there were 56% partners that had normozoospermia and 39% infertile partners having asthenozoospermia, then it was followed by azoospermia condition which was seen in 28% patients. Conclusions: It was found that the asthenospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia and azoospermia are some of the contributors of male infertility.

Background: The marked increase in the rates of CS has not only raises the challenges for the medical professional but also became a debatable issues for many gynecologists. In order to explain the increasing rates of CS it is necessary to identify which group of women is more frequently undergoing CS. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the role the fetal distress and Robson ten group classification play for the indication of caesarean section. Study design: It is a retrospective study conducted at Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot, from January 2022 to June 2022. Material and Methods: 5787 women were admitted in tertiary care unit for delivery. Among these 2031 went through caesarean and the remaining delivered normally. Most of the population was included in group 1 and 5, where 501 and 535 individuals were present. Results: The group having the most contribution towards CS was group 5. And the group showing least contribution towards CS was group no.10. Group 5 also showed high contribution towards CS. The evaluation was carried out for 205 patients, the mean age of the patients was 26 years in this study. Most of the patients belonged to gestation week greater than 36 weeks. Conclusion: The group that has low risk had more chances to contribute to the CS rate. The indication for CS was most of the time fetal distress which was seen at the time patients were admitted in hospital. Keywords: Caesarean section and fetal distress.