Background: National long-term care development requires updated epidemiological data related to frailty. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among Indonesian elderly.Methods: We conducted first-phase cross-sectional analysis of Indonesia Longitudinal Aging Study (INALAS) data collected from community-dwelling outpatients aged 60 years and older without acute illness in nine geriatric service care centres. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted.Results: Among 908 elderly in this study, 15.10% were robust, 66.20% were pre-frail, and 18.70% were frail. Functional dependence was associated with frailty among Indonesian elderly (OR 5.97, 95% CI 4.04–8.80). Being depressed and at risk for malnutrition were also associated with frailty with OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.56–4.12, and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.68–3.90, respectively. Prior history of fall (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.16–2.72) and hospitalization (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.97–2.20) in the previous 12 months were associated with frailty. There is also significant association between poly pharmacy and frailty (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50–3.91).Conclusion: Approximately one in five Indonesian community-dwelling elderly was frail. Frailty is associated with functional dependence, being at risk for malnutrition or being malnourished, depression, history of fall, history of hospitalization, and poly pharmacy. There may be bidirectional relationships between the risk factors and frailty. The development of long-term care in Indonesia should be considered, without forcing the elderly who need it.

Introduction: Frailty syndrome is a predictor of all-cause mortality among older adults living in nursing homes. Data about the prevalence of frailty among individuals living in nursing homes particularly in middle-income countries are limited. Thus, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors among older adults living in nursing homes in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of older adults living in six nursing homes in Indonesia was conducted between May 2019 and December 2019. Data on demographic characteristics, physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly), cognitive status (Abbreviated Mental Test), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-form), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), comorbidity, frailty state (Cardiovascular Health Study criteria), dietary pattern (24-h food recall), hand grip strength, and gait speed were evaluated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with frailty Result: In total, 214 participants with a mean age of 73.68 (standard deviation: 4.30) years were recruited in this study. The prevalence rates of frailty and malnutrition were 46.5% and 58%, respectively. Results showed that physical frailty was associated with malnutrition (odd ratio: 4.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.730-10.380). Conclusion:Frailty is prevalent and strongly associated with malnutrition among older adults living in nursing homes in Indonesia.

Salah perlakuan terhadap orang usia lanjut merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius dan mampu menurunkan kualitas hidup, namun dapat dicegah. Perlakuan salah dapat dilakukan secara sengaja maupun tidak sengaja oleh pramurawat maupun pasien sendiri. Definisi yang belum seragam, faktor risiko yang beragam dan perbedaan kultural di tiap daerah merupakan kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam mengenali dan menatalaksana salah perlakuan terhadap orang tua. Kelebihan dan keterbatasan metode penapisan salah perlakuan yang ada saat ini harus dipahami dengan baik. Dengan demikian, upaya pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan salah perlakuan dapat dilakukan dengan tepat.Kata kunci: penapisan, salah perlakuan, tatalaksana, usia lanjutElderly Mistreatment: Risk Factors and Therapy Elderly mistreatment is a preventable serious health problem that lowering older adults quality of life. Elderly mistreatment can be done by the caregiver or even the patient himself, regardless the intention. Meanwhile, defining an elderly mistreatment is still a challenge due to varied risk factors and cultural differences in each country. Those conditions result in challenges in identifying and managing elderly mistreatment. This review will also discuss screening modalities to identify elderly who is at risk or currently abused to prevent and manage elderly mistreatment properly. Keywords: elderly, management, mistreatment, older adults, screening