Background:ADRs represent a substantial burden on health care resources worldwide and are considered as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality which significantly affects hospitalization rates. However, ADR related hospital admissions are not well explored in Saudi Arabia.Objective:The current study aims to evaluate ADR-related admissions at King Saud Hospital, Unaizah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.Methods:A prospective, observational study was conducted at King Saud Hospital Unaizah. Over a period of 6 months, patients above 12 years of age who visited the Emergency Department (ED) with an ADR were included in this study. The investigators collected patient data by reviewing the patient's medical records and the ED records for admission. The Naranjo algorithm was used to assess the causality of the suspected ADR, and Hartwig’s Severity Assessment Scale was used to assess the severity of the ADR.Results:Out of 4739 admissions to the wards, 38 (0.801%) were related to an ADR. The majority of patients were male (52.6%), with a mean age of ± 49.08 years. The total length of hospital stay was 565 days with a mean of ± 14.87 days. The causality assessment shows that 35 (92.1%) cases were probable ADRs, whereas 3 (7.9%) cases were possible ADRs. Moreover, the severity assessment showed that 6 (15.1%) cases were mild, and 27 (71.1%) and 5 (13.2%) cases were moderate and severe, respectively. In regard to the outcome of patients, most patients recovered after the ADR, and 2 ADRs resulted in the death of the patient.Conclusion:Our study shows that ADRs as a cause of hospitalization in Qassim population is considerably low. However, ADRs may contribute to morbidity and mortality and result in a considerable financial burden.

To assess phosphate binders' usage, knowledge regarding their utilization, and adherence among hemodialysis patients in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at 4 dialysis centers in Qassim, Saudi Arabia with inclusion of 237 patients' undergoing hemodialysis between November 2018 to January 2019. The study involved interviewing the patients, reviewing their Original Article medical records for biomarkers used to assess kidney function, and assessing the patients' knowledge-based regarding dietary phosphate control, as well as adherence to phosphate binders' usage. Results: Out of 237 included patients, male to female ratio was 54:46. The prevalence of prescribing noncalcium phosphate binders was 82.7% whereas prescribing calcium phosphate binders was 73.8%. A total of 63% of patients showed a medium level of adherence to phosphate binders. Although adherence level was not poor, therapeutic efficacy was affected by other factors such as administration time adherence positively correlated with the serum phosphate level)p=0.00(. Conclusion: Phosphate binders usage is frequent among hemodialysis patients in Qassim centers. Circulating phosphate level was affected by the extent of patients' knowledge of dietary control and adherence to the usage of phosphate binders. Thus, we recommend enhancing patient education in reference to high-and lowphosphate-rich diet to take wise dietary decisions, lower pill burden, and improve adherence toward the control of hyperphosphatemia