In the present study, new heterocyclic organic ligands were synthesized using amoxil drug as a starting material through multi steps. The ligands were prepared through condensation reaction to form thiazole and imidazole derivatives containing azo or anil groups in their structures via azotization reaction and imination reaction. The new ligands of amoxil have been characterized by means of spectral (IR and 1H NMR) and thermal analyses.

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The present study involves synthesis a composite of triazole-poly vinyl chloride (PVC) polymer with nano-crystalline zinc oxide to yield triazole-PVC/ZnO. The produced composite was characterized using fouier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Rays diffraction (XRD) and micro-elemental analysis (CHN). The activity of the produced composite with respect to neat zinc oxide was investigated by following both of adsorption and photocatalytic removal of Bismarck Brown G (BBG)dye from their aqueous solutions. The obtained results in this study showed that triazole-PVC/ZnO was more efficient than neat ZnO on dye removal for both of adsorption and photocatalytic reaction.

Fresh vegetables and fruits need oxygen (O 2 ) to carry out their metabolic activities, particularly respiration. The procedure where the actively respiring commodity is sealed in film packages made of polymer to change the CO 2 and O 2 levels of concentration inside the package environment required to increase shelf-life and preserve freshness is referred to as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). To affect the product's metabolism being packaged or the activity of organisms that cause degradation to extend the time of preservation, it is frequently desired to create an environment high in CO 2 and low in O 2 . MAP changes the environment and increases moisture preservation that has a bigger impact on quality preservation. Moreover, packing separates the product from the surrounding environment, assisting in the creation of circumstances that, if not hygienic, at the very least minimize exposure to infections and pollutants, as well as physiological damage. MAP is a dynamic mechanism that occurs concurrently throughout permeation and respiration. As a result, MAP design necessitates the assessment of the product's intrinsic features, such as film permeability, optimal O 2 and CO 2 gas concentrations, and respiration rate. The goal of MAP design is to specify parameters that will provide the greatest feasible environment within the package for increasing the product's shelf-life in the quickest possible time. This is accomplished by synchronizing the packed produce's respiration rate with O2 and CO2 gas penetration rate through the film. The current study contains a detailed discussion of all of these elements of MAP.

The organic pollutant methyl violet dye photocatalytic degradation has been investigated using the UV irradiation and TiO2 as a catalyst. The degradation process included the study of the initial dye concentration, light intensity, catalyst weight, the effect of intensity of light, and effect of temperature to approach the best conditions for the optimum photo-degradation efficiency of dye. The optimum photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet dye was at 0.15 g/100cm3 of dosage mass of TiO2 and 10 ppm of the dye. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet dye was at 9 mW/cm2light intensity. The percentage efficiency of degradation methyl violet dye equals 97.46%.