<b><i>Background:</i></b> The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiology of COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in significant harm to the affected countries in every aspect of life. The virus infected over 139 million patients and resulted in over 2.9 million deaths until April 16, 2021. New variants of this virus were identified that spread rapidly worldwide. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Remdesivir, a prodrug of adenosine nucleotide analog, is an antiviral with a broad spectrum of activity that was tested on SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome infections. In vitro studies conducted on SARS-CoV-2 revealed that remdesivir inhibited viral replication with high selectivity index in cell cultures. In vivo studies showed that remdesivir reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and attenuated pulmonary infiltrates in infected animals. Further, remdesivir showed promising results in terms of clinical improvement, shortening the recovery time, mortality rate, and the duration of oxygen need, despite that some clinical trials did not reveal significant effect on remdesivir use. Several studies showed positive results of remdesivir against the new variants. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Remdesivir showed a promising beneficial effect against new variants of SARS-CoV-2, but more clinical evidence is needed to confirm this effect.
Objective Paediatric patients are highly exposed to medication errors especially dosing errors. This study assessed the community pharmacists' knowledge about appropriate dosing of antibiotics among paediatric patients, factors affecting community pharmacists' knowledge and barriers that lead to inappropriate dosing of antibiotics. Methods A self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to 1283 Jordanian pharmacists who worked in community pharmacies. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression were conducted. Results The response rate was 87.1%. The majority of pharmacists (86.4%) were non‐knowledgeable about appropriate dosing of antibiotics among paediatrics. The monthly income of the pharmacist was positively associated with pharmacists' knowledge. The case of azithromycin dosing in acute bacterial pharyngitis was answered correctly by the highest percentage of community pharmacists (55.8%) while the case of trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole dosing in lower urinary tract infection was answered correctly by the lowest percentage (15.7%). Poor scientific knowledge about dose calculation was the most reported barrier by the participants (54.7%). Conclusion Most community pharmacists were non‐knowledgeable about appropriate dosing of antibiotics in paediatrics and the level of knowledge was affected by monthly income. Implementing adequate and appropriate educational programmes, constructing specific guidelines that regulate antibiotics practice among community pharmacists are highly recommended.
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