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Despite Grey Wolf Optimizer's (GWO) superior performance in many areas, stagnation in local optima areas may still be a concern. Several significant GWO factors can be explored to enhance the performance of selection in classification, with two conflicting concepts to be considered in using or modeling a metaheuristic method, exploring a search field, and exploiting optimal solutions. Balancing exploration and exploitation in a good manner will improve the search algorithm's performance. To achieve a good balance, this paper proposes a binary hybrid GWO and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) to form a memetic approach called HBGWOHHO. The sigmoid transfer function is used to transfer the continuous search space into a binary one to meet the feature selection nature requirement. A wrapper-based k-Nearest neighbor is used to evaluate the goodness of the selected features. To validate the performance of the proposed method, 18 standard UCI benchmark datasets were used. The performance of the proposed hybrid method was compared with Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer (BGWO), Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO), Binary Harris Hawks Optimizer (BHHO), Binary Genetic Algorithm (BGA) and Binary Hybrid BWOPSO. The findings revealed that the proposed method was effective in improving the performance of the BGWO algorithm. The proposed hybrid method outperforms the BGWO algorithm in terms of accuracy, selected feature size, and computational time. Similarly, compared with BPSO and BGA feature selection algorithms, the proposed HBGWOHHO surpassed them yield better accuracy, the smaller size of selected features in much lower computational time.

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Deep neural networks (DNN) have remarkably progressed in applications involving large and complex datasets but have been criticized as a black-box. This downside has recently become a motivation for the research community to pursue the ideas of hybrid approaches, resulting in novel hybrid systems classified as deep neuro-fuzzy systems (DNFS). Studies regarding the implementation of DNFS have rapidly increased in the domains of computing, healthcare, transportation, and finance with high interpretability and reasonable accuracy. However, relatively few survey studies have been found in the literature to provide a comprehensive insight into this domain. Therefore, this study aims to perform a systematic review to evaluate the current progress, trends, arising issues, research gaps, challenges, and future scope related to DNFS studies. A study mapping process was prepared to guide a systematic search for publications related to DNFS published between 2015 and 2020 using five established scientific directories. As a result, a total of 105 studies were identified and critically analyzed to address research questions with the objectives: (i) to understand the concept of DNFS; (ii) to find out DNFS optimization methods; (iii) to visualize the intensity of work carried out in DNFS domain; and (iv) to highlight DNFS application subjects and domains. We believe that this study provides up-to-date guidance for future research in the DNFS domain, allowing for more effective advancement in techniques and processes. The analysis made in this review proves that DNFS-based research is actively growing with a substantial implementation and application scope in the future.

The impact of innovated Neuro-Fuzzy System (NFS) has emerged as a dominant technique for addressing various difficult research problems in business. ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system) is an efficient combination of ANN and fuzzy logic for modeling highly non-linear, complex and dynamic systems. It has been proved that, with proper number of rules, an ANFIS system is able to approximate every plant. Even though it has been widely used, ANFIS has a major drawback of computational complexities. The number of rules and its tunable parameters increase exponentially when the numbers of inputs are large. Moreover, the standard learning process of ANFIS involves gradient based learning which has prone to fall in local minima. Many researchers have used meta-heuristic algorithms to tune parameters of ANFIS. This study will modify ANFIS architecture to reduce its complexity and improve the accuracy of classification problems. The experiments are carried out by trying different types and shapes of membership functions and meta-heuristics Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm with ANFIS and the training error results are measured for each combination. The results showed that modified ANFIS combined with ABC method provides better training error results than common ANFIS model.