Congenital abnormalities of the uterus result primarily from embryological maldevelopment of the paramesonephric ducts and have been associated with pregnancy complications, reduced fertility, and other adverse fetal outcomes. While such abnormalities are rare, affected patients should be correctly managed to improve psychological, sexual, and reproductive outcomes. This review intends to elucidate the impact of congenital uterine abnormalities on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. We also present the available management methods and discuss the role of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to benefit affected women. This review clearly shows that although these disorders are generally not lethal, they critically impact the patient's reproductive health. The fertility rate of patients with uterine congenital abnormalities depends on the severity of the condition. Reproductive endocrinologists and infertility specialists must be considered as active parts of the interdisciplinary treatment team for such patients. ART practices are reasonably successful at managing fertility problems of women with these abnormalities.

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The Vipera albicornuta is an economically important snake of Iran, its venom is used for antivenin production, and we need to breed the snake in the captivity. In order to know about the viper's reproductive biology, seasonal alterations in ovarian weight, morphology, and the follicles developmental stages in Vipera albicornuta were studied using macroscopic parameters and histological examination of reproductive tissues during a year. Twenty-four female vipers were collected from mountainous zone of Bostanabad, East Azerbaijan, and Tarom in Zanjan through years 2011-2012. Evaluation of the reproductive parameters of this viper is performed for the first time in Iran. Our observation revealed that vitellogenesis cycle begins in autumn and continues till early summer; ovaries and follicles are in previtellogenesis stage in autumn and vitellogenesis in winter and during spring. Weight of ovary is heaviest in spring, ovulation occurs in late spring till early summer, and copulation is prior to ovulation.

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