Background and Aim: Schistosomiasis is endemic in Indonesia and is found in three remote areas in Central Sulawesi Province. Non-human mammals serve as reservoir hosts, meaning the disease is zoonotic. The previous schistosomiasis studies in animals from the Lindu Subdistrict did not determine which domestic animal species can serve as the primary source of transmission. No animals have been treated in Indonesia to control the disease; therefore, the parasite's life cycle is not blocked entirely. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with, Schistosoma japonicum infection in animals, and identify animals' relative contributions to S. japonicum transmission in the Lindu Subdistrict. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of S. japonicum infected animals was conducted in five villages of the Lindu Subdistrict. Fecal samples were collected from 134 selected animals (13 cattle, 26 buffaloes, 28 horses, 59 pigs, and 8 dogs). S. japonicum infection and infection intensity were determined using the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory method. Environmental contamination with schistosome eggs was measured. The data were analyzed using a Chi-square test. Results: The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 32.9%, with the prevalence of infection in each species of animal at 61.5% in cattle, 42.3% in buffaloes, 25.0% in horses, 35.6% in pigs, and 12.5% in dogs. Free-range pigs were 8.667 times more likely to have S. japonicum infection than pigs kept in cages. Buffaloes, cattle, and horses were the primary sources of S. japonicum egg contamination, with relative transmission indices of 59.15%, 22.80%, and 10.61%, respectively. Conclusion: Bovines and horses are the main contributors to schistosomiasis transmission in the Lindu Subdistrict. In conjunction with other schistosomiasis control programs, the government should treat infected animals living within endemic areas where there are high infection rates of S. japonicum.

ABSTRAK Sapi dan kerbau memiliki nilai ekonomi sebagai sumber protein hewani dan hewan pekerja. Masyarakat Sulawesi juga menggunakan kerbau dalam berbagai kegiatan adat dan keagamaan. Infeksi oleh parasit Trematoda dapat mengganggu potensi ternak tersebut berupa gangguan produktivitas. Di Indonesia, Schistosomiasis bersifat endemik dan hanya dapat ditemukan di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia (Lembah Lindu, Napu, dan Bada). Belum ada data mengenai status infeksi Trematoda pada hewan sapi dan kerbau di daerah tersebut. Studi ini dilakukan menggunakan desain potong-lintang untuk mengukur prevalensi Trematodosis pada sapi dan kerbau di sekitar wilayah endemik Schistosomiasis pada JuliNovember 2016. Sebanyak 261 contoh tinja yang terdiri atas 173 ekor sapi dan 88 ekor kerbau dari 7 desa (Desa Anca, Bewa, Gunung Gintu, Sedoa, Wangga, Watumaeta, dan Wuasa) dikoleksi dan disimpan pada suhu 28 C hingga analisis selanjutnya. Metode Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory dipilih untuk menghitung secara kuantitatif infeksi oleh Trematoda. Prevalensi Trematodosis secara keseluruhan studi ini adalah 85,06%. Prevalensi Trematodosis pada kerbau lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada sapi dan berbeda secara statistik (P<0,05). Prevalensi tertinggi adalah Paramphistomiasis (75,48%), yang diikuti oleh Fascioliasis (67,05%) dan Schistosomiasis japonica (30,27%). Prevalensi Trematodosis masing-masing desa juga bervariasi dan berbeda secara statistik (P<0,05). Intensitas infeksi berupa infeksi ringan, sedang, dan berat dilaporkan pada penelitian ini. Infeksi campuran oleh dua bahkan tiga spesies Trematoda dilaporkan pada penelitian ini. Dua desa endemik Schistosomiasis baru dilaporkan, yakni Desa Bewa dan Gunung Gintu. Hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai dasar pengendalian Trematodosis pada ruminansia besar di wilayah endemik terutama yang berpotensi zoonosis.

Background and Aim: Schistosomiasis japonica, a disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum, is a public health problem in the Philippines, the Republic of Indonesia, and the People's Republic of China. The disease is known as zoonotic, meaning other than humans, animals are involved as the reservoirs. In Indonesia, schistosomiasis surveillance in animals is not continuous. Thus, the study to determine the prevalence of the disease in animals is needed. The study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of S. japonicum infection among four species of domestic animals in the Lindu Sub-district, Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of domestic animals were collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-S. japonicum immunoglobulin G antibodies against S. japonicum soluble egg antigens using the indirect hemagglutination assay. Animal stool samples were collected, and the miracidia-hatching assay was used for the detection of S. japonicum infection. Additional data concerning the animal identity and the management practices were obtained through a questionnaire used in surveys and interviews. Results: A total of 146 sera from 13 cattle, 24 buffaloes, 54 pigs, and 55 dogs were collected. The overall schistosomiasis seroprevalence was 64.4%. The serology prevalence in cattle, buffalo, pig, and dog was 100.0%, 41.7%, 74.1%, and 56.4%, respectively. Domestic animals in all of five villages have previous exposure with S. japonicum as seropositive animals detected in every village. A total of 104 animal stool samples from 146 animals sampled were obtained. The overall schistosomiasis prevalence determined by the miracidia hatching assay was 16.35%. The sensitivity and specificity of indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) in the current study were 88.24% and 41.37%, respectively, with miracidia hatching assay as the gold-standard method. Conclusion: This study has shown a high seroprevalence of schistosomiasis japonica among domestic animals in the Lindu Subdistrict. IHA can be used as the screening method for the detection of S. japonicum infection in domestic animals. Chemotherapy and animal livestock grazing management programs to reduce the parasite burden and Schistosoma egg contamination in the environment must be implemented as part of one health approaches, in addition to other control measures.

Background and Aim: Dogs and cats are popular pets that play integral roles in human societies worldwide. Unfortunately, they can carry potential zoonotic helminths that can be transmitted to humans. However, data on the gastrointestinal helminths affecting dogs and cats in Bogor, Indonesia, are currently lacking. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in pets from this area using a retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of IPB University, Bogor. Cat and dog patients from January 2014 to April 2019 were tested for helminth infections and the results as well as their age, sex, and breed data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the dogs and cats examined for internal parasites, 61.11% (33/51) of the dogs and 53.80% (92/171) of the cats were infected by helminths. Among the dogs, hookworm (37.04%) and Toxocara spp. (24.07%) were detected, while in the cats, hookworm (11.11%), Toxocara spp. (38.01%), and Dipylidium caninum (4.68%) were detected. The prevalence of hookworm and D. caninum was higher in older pets, while Toxocara spp. infected younger cats and dogs (<1 year) more frequently. The prevalence of Toxocara spp. in the Indonesian local dog breed was higher when than other breeds. Sex did not significantly affect the prevalence of parasites in dogs or cats. Conclusion: The discovery of zoonotic helminth parasites in the cat and dog pets from Bogor raises concerns for the inhabitants. Initiatives will be required to inform pet owners about prevention strategies for these parasitic diseases. Keywords: Bogor, cat, dog, gastrointestinal helminth, zoonosis.