Applications of three different sources of N fertilizers (urea, compost from slaughter house and chicken manure compost) on vegetable crops (tomato, okra and spinach) were conducted in the green house of Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, Bogor from August of 1999 to April of 2000. Treatments consisted of: (i) without fertilizer, (ii) 5 g N/pot of urea, (iii) 10 g N/pot of slaughter house compost, (iv) 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost, (v) 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of slaughter house compost, and (vi) 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost. Completely Randomized Design with 3 replicates was used in the experiments. In the first experiment, tomatoes were planted in the first season, following by okra in the second season. In the second experiment, spinach was planted for 6 times. Urea and compost were applied only once at the beginning of the experiment. Results of the experiments showed that for the first experiment, the highest N-uptake for tomatoes and okra was obtained from the treatment 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost, although the highest fresh weight of tomatoes and okra fruits were not from this treatment. The treatment of 10 g N/pot of either slaughter house or chicken manure composts gave the highest fresh fruits weight. In the second experiment, the highest dry weight and N-uptake of spinach were obtained from the treatment of 5 g N/pot of urea + 10 g N/pot of chicken manure compost. © 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: urea, compost, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench), spinach (Amaranthus tricolor)

<p>Protoplast<br />fusion or somatic hybridization technology is an alternative<br />technology for production hybrids of plants that are difficult<br />to be produced by conventional methods due to their sexual<br />incompatibility. An experiment was conducted to develop<br />techniques for isolation, purification, and culture of rice<br />protoplasts of cultivar IR64 and a wild rice species (Oryza<br />officinalis). Optimization of protoplast isolation and purification<br />methods from both rice genotypes were successfully<br />done. The highest protoplast density was obtained by<br />digesting embryonic callus or stems of young seedling in an<br />enzyme solution containing of 2% cellulose, 0.1% pectolyase,<br />0.5% macerozyme, 0.5% driselase, 5 mM ES, and 13% mannitol<br />in CPW solution. The protoplast digestion was done for<br />three hours by soaking in the enzyme solution followed by<br />shaking at 50 rpm under a room temperature. Purification of<br />the protoplasts were done by separating them from plant<br />debris using a 25% sucrose solution. Protoplast regeneration<br />was not successful using although different media compositions<br />and conditions. Growth process from cell division to<br />cell aggregate was only successful on IR64 protoplast culture<br />on a medium that contained AgNO3.</p>

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered medicinal plant, so that it is highly protected. Cryopreservation can be applied to this plant for long-term preservation. The aim of this research was to obtain a method of encapsulation-vitrification by optimizing each step in cryopreservation protocol i.e. preculture, loading, dehydration with and without freezing in liquid nitrogen. The best treatment of each step would be applied in the following step. On preculture experiment, in vitro shoots were planted on the Driver and Kuniyaki (DKW) basal media containing 0.3 M sucrose and incubated for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. After those incubation period, shoot tips were encapsulated with 2.5% Na-alginate and soaking for 15 minutes in 100 ppm CaCl 2 solution before planting. On loading experiment, precultured explants were loaded in DKW basal solution containing 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. On dehydration experiment, preculturead and loaded explants were dehydrated with PVS2 solution PVS2 (DKW + 30% glycerol + 15% DMSO + 15% ethyleneglicol + 0.4 M sucrose) for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The parts of them were freezed in liquid nitrogen (-196 o C). The result showed that cryopreservation through encapsulation-vitrification technique could be applied on pruatjan. The best preculture treatment was 5 days incubation period. The best loading treatment was 30 minutes. The best dehydration treatment was 90 minutes. The successful level of this research was still low (10%) so that it needs optimization method.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., cryopreservation, encapsulation-vitrification. ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) adalah tanaman obat langka asli Indonesia yang hampir punah sehingga harus dilindungi. Kriopreservasi dapat diterapkan pada tanaman ini untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh teknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi dengan melakukan optimasi dari tiap-tiap tahapan kriopreservasi yang meliputi perlakuan prakultur, loading, dehidrasi sebelum dan setelah pembekuan dalam nitrogen cair. Perlakuan yang terbaik kemudian diterapkan pada tahapan percobaan berikutnya. Pada perlakuan prakultur, tunas in vitro ditanam pada media Driver dan Kuniyaki (DKW) dengan penambahan sukrosa 0,3 M dengan masa inkubasi 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5 hari. Setelah itu, pucuk yang berukuran 0,5 cm dienkapsulasi dengan Na-alginat 2,5% (yang mengandung media regenerasi) dalam larutan CaCl 2 100 ppm selama 15 menit sebelum penanaman kembali. (-196 o C) dan sebagian lainnya tidak dibekukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kriopreservasi secara enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi berpeluang diterapkan pada tanaman purwoceng. Perlakuan prakultur terbaik adalah 5 hari. Perlakuan loading terbaik adalah 30 menit dan perlakuan dehidrasi terbaik 90 menit. Tingkat keberhasilan ini masih rendah (10%) sehingga diperlukan optimasi metode.Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., kriopreservasi, enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi.