Mesin reng digunakan untuk memproduksi atap baja ringan jenis reng V belum sepenuhnya bekerja secara efektif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya downtime, penurunan kecepatan produksi mesin, dan produk-produk yang tidak sesuai standard yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan mengetahui tingkat efektivitas mesin reng dengan menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab six big losses dengan menggunakan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), dan memberikan usulan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan tingkat efektivitas mesin. Dari hasil penelitian,  OEE mesin reng mencapai rata-rata 57,55%, dan masih berada di bawah nilai OEE ideal (85%). Usulan perbaikan yang direkomendasikan meliputi eliminasi six big losses, mengembangkan program pemeliharaan, dan memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan maintenance dan operasional. Abstract The reng machine, which is used to produce lightweight steel roof with a kind V reng, has not fully worked effectively. This is indicated by the presence of downtime, speed losses, and produce products that are not according to standards that have been determined. This study aims to measure and determine the level of effectiveness of reng machine using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method, identify factors that cause six big losses by using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and proposes improvements to increase the effectiveness of the machine. The result of research, OEE of reng machine reached an average of 57.55%, and still was below the ideal OEE (85%). Proposed improvements that recommended include the elimination of six big losses, develop a maintenance program, and provide training to improve the ability of maintenance and operations.

Purpose First, the purpose of this paper is to develop some policies as an alternative scenario to increase the performance of the Indonesian dairy milk supply chain so it can fulfil the target of the government. Second, this study aims to find the best alternative scenario based on the performance resulted from the simulation. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a system dynamics-based model by using six approaches, i.e. “population and consumption of dairy milk”, “national milk production”, “dairy cattle feed”, “dairy cattle population”, “profit gained by the dairy farmer”, and “government policy”. Findings There is no best scenario; however, the combined scenario can give the better condition to achieve the targets set by the government. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study include: the relationship between the levels of welfare of farmers and the desire being a dairy farmer is not modelled; the quality of milk is only determined by the content of fat and protein in one litre of milk, and the level of milk consumption per capita increases naturally without any intervention or policy from the government. Practical implications This study provides essential insights into the context of implementing the policies in the Indonesian dairy supply chain. Social implications The research revealed that good policies scenario could be built after simulating and analysing the effect of each scenario on the performance of a dairy supply chain carefully. Originality/value This study does not test one policy in isolation. It simultaneously tests various combinations of policy that related to dairy cattle import, operational assistance for dairy cooperative and dairy farmer that may help maximise the performance of the Indonesian dairy milk supply chain.

Pekerjaan manual masih banyak ditemui  pada berbagai aktivitas kerja. Pekerjaan manual yang dikerjakan secara berulang (repetitive) dengan gerakan kerja monoton dan waktu kerja yang lama berpotensi menimbulkan kelelahan kerja. Pada gerak monoton repetitive terjadi pembebanan otot yang terus menerus. Postur kerja yang salah membuat kelelahan menjadi lebih cepat terjadi.  Postur kerja yang  tidak baik ini seringkali diakibatkan oleh desain fasilitas kerja yang kurang memperhatikan kesesuaian dengan penggunanya. Pada pekerja laundry aktivitas menyetrika pakaian merupakan kerja repetitive monoton yang kurang didukung fasilitas yang sesuai. Postur kerja dengan berdiri dan terjadi twist serta seringkali membungkuk. Operator setrika harus melakukan kegiatan setrika selama lebih dari 8 jam. Penelitian bertujuan melakukan redesain pada stasiun kerja setrika agar diperoleh postur kerja yang baik. Perancangan stasiun kerja  menggunakan software Jack 8.2. Stasiun kerja yang terdiri dari meja dan kursi dirancang dengan memperhatikan antropometri dan kebutuhan gerak operator. Evaluasi desain dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi postur kerja dengan menggunakan analisis biomekanik, menggunakan analisis toolkit yang meliputi analisisi SSP, LBA, RULA, dan OWAS. Dari hasil evaluasi, dihasilkan postur usulan yang diberikan adalah, pekerja duduk pada kursi dengan posisi tubuh tegap, arah kepala sejajar dengan arah objek yang dikenai pekerjaan, dan pekerja dihindarkan dari posisi kerja membungkuk dan twist. Abstract(The Design of Working Station and Working Posture Using Biomechanic Analysis to Reduce Static Load and Musculoskeletal Disorder).The work that is done manually is usually done repeatedly with monotonous movements and long working hours. If the muscle’s working too hard, the muscle will be found damage and fatigue. The right working posture can improve the worker’s ability to finish the job. Wrong posture is often caused by the facility design that unsuitable to operator. In the laundry workers ironing clothes activity is monotonous and repetitive work which is lacking in appropriate facilities. Work posture by standing up, often bent and twist. Ironing operator do their activities for more than 8 hours. The research aims to redesign the work station in order to obtain a good working posture. The design of work stations using Jack software 8.2. Work station consisting of a table and chairs designed with anthropometric and consider the motion of operator. Work station design used Jack Software 8.2. Evaluation of work posture used biomechanic analysis covering analysis of SSP, LBA, RULA, and OWAS. The result of evaluation is a posture suggested that the worker should sit on a chair with a sturdy body, the head is parallel toward to the direction of the object, and workers are prevented from bending and twist position.

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