In many developing countries, various development models have been used, but the results are far from expectations. This happens because this ideology only focuses on equitable development by focusing only on economic growth factors. Even so, we can assume developmental deviations are common because when applied in the field, we cannot study them completely thoroughly. However, based on the conditions above, we can take the most optimal approach to formulate an optimal mutually dependent and beneficial relationship between the community and the government as stipulated in legal policy. Therefore, this paper examines how the political economy and the role of the state shape the development of Papua in Special Autonomy System. With FGD data and research from the literature, we use a descriptive-qualitative strategy. According to the findings of the study, the background of economic exploitation in Papua and the sustainability of nature as a production space has a paradoxical relationship, where the result of increasing the economic value of mining activities is conducted by PT. Freeport which is inversely proportional to the loss of green open space. This results in damage to living ecosystems. As a result, the sustainability of the Papuan people's livelihood in the future is threatened. Based on this, the author provides the results of his study as a solution for government policy makers to provide recommendations so that the government prioritizes human-centered development strategies. This study concludes that "capacity building" is needed by humans in order to become the subject of development. With this framework in mind, the people of Papua can optimize development in their area more effectively because the process is carried out through social development that emphasizes education, knowledge, and skills. Keywords: development projects, economic exploitation, people centered development, special autonomy region

Pangan merupakan hal yang menjadi dasar kebutuhan utama manusia dan berkaitan dengan salah satu poin dalam konsep human security yakni ketahanan pangan. Salah satu indikator penting dari ketahanan pangan yang umum digunakan adalah ketersediaan pangan. Namun pada kenyataannya, masih banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang kesulitan dalam hal ketersediaan pangan. Hal ini sangat kontras dengan kondisi tingginya jumlah sampah makanan atau food loss and waste (FLW) di Indonesia. Masalah sampah makanan di Indonesia dapat dikatakan cukup serius karena mempengaruhi ketersediaan pangan sehingga sangat berdampak terhadap ketahanan pangan dalam negeri. Diperlukan upaya pengelolaan lebih lanjut dari seluruh pihak seperti aktor pemerintah dan aktor non-pemerintah. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih mendalam mengenai kondisi FLW di Indonesia dan peran pihak multi-aktor untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan nasional melalui pengelolaan FLW tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan metode kualitatif, serta studi literatur yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, peneliti mendapatkan data dan informasi guna membantu menjelaskan peran yang dilaksanakan dari pihak multi-aktor tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi FLW di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi sehingga dibutuhkan penanganan yang tepat untuk permasalahan ini. Dapat dilihat pula bahwa aktor negara dan non-negara sama-sama telah berperan dalam penanganan FLW tersebut dan membangun kolaborasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi FLW yang tinggi di Indonesia telah mendapatkan penanganan pengelolaan dari pihak multi-aktor yang saling membangun kerja sama dengan mitra masing-masing serta saling memberi dukungan guna mewujudkan ketahanan pangan nasional.

Various conflicts that occurred in the Southeast Asian region made ASEAN respond quickly. This is realized through the establishment of the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation which carries out several functions including research, capacity building, development in expertise, networking, gathering experiences and ASEAN best practices on peace, conflict management and conflict resolution, and post-conflict peace building. However, until now there are still various conflicts that occur. Therefore, this study aims to present the results of an analysis of organizational reporting. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, the researcher uses the theory of Regime Effectiveness and the concept of international regimes. In addition, this study uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive type. This study finds that the organization is not effective in dealing with conflicts in Southeast Asia because the organization is not empowered in conflict resolution efforts, in addition to the application of the ASEAN Way principle and the lack of support from member countries.