Although vaccines are the most effective tool for preventing infectious disease, COVID-19 vaccination coverage among Bangladeshi mass people was facing challenges because large proportions were hesitant to accept a new vaccine. This study aims to investigate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance intention and to explore the potential factors influencing vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among the Bangladeshi people. A bilingual, self-administered anonymous questionnaire was developed and deployed and mixed-mode approaches (face-to-face and on-line survey) in data collection procedure were applied from 03rd May to 20th June, 2021. In total, 782 Bangladeshi people were participated in this study through random and snowballing sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis was employed to explore and rationalize the study objectives. Empirical findings revealed that, 69.4% (95% CI 66.1–72.7) respondents had the hesitation to accept newly promoted vaccines. The binary analysis revealed that, “safety” and “efficacy” had highly significant ( p < 0.01) and positive association with vaccine acceptance. “Communication” had positive and moderately significant ( p < 0.05) association; “culture” had positive and significant ( p < 0.1) association while “rumor” associated moderate significantly ( p < 0.05) and negatively with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. According to the Pearson’s Chi-Square test, male had highly significant ( p < 0.01) willingness to receive vaccines than female gender (OR = 0.501). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy could be minimized by providing vaccine safety, side effect and, efficacy data to the community through effective communication. Health awareness campaign in remote areas would remove anti-vaccination beliefs and rumors; thus foster COVID-19 vaccine confidence among the culturally motivated Bangladeshi people.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate and compare antidiabetic, analgesic, and cytotoxic properties of Lal shak (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) and Chanchi shak (Alternanthera sessilis L.). We carried out this work to explore the medicinal uses of very common and cheap leafy plant vegetables among the people of all classes. Methods: The antidiabetic activity was evaluated and compared by studying the effect of ethanolic extract of A. gangeticus (EEAG) and ethanolic extract of A. sessilis (EEAS) against blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice in every 6 h for 24 h. To evaluate and compare analgesic and cytotoxic activity, different tests such as acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and brine shrimp lethality bioassay test had been performed. Results: The mice were treated with both plants extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight in case of antidiabetic activity test. Blood glucose level was examined and found that there was a significant reduction of blood glucose level with EEAG (p<0.05) and EEAS (p<0.001) in comparison with their respective diabetic control group. Although both plant extracts reduced the blood glucose level, the glucose reducing effect was higher in EEAS. Both the plants showed significant (p<0.05) peripheral analgesic activity in treated mice but no significant central analgesic activity. EEAG showed higher peripheral analgesic activity than EEAS. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, both the plants showed higher LC50 value thus cytotoxicity occurs at very higher dose and safe to administer. Conclusion: In this study, both the plants showed sufficient antidiabetic property and higher LC50 value, thus administration of leafy vegetable Lal shak and Chanchi shak may be useful for diabetic people. Chanchi shak may be more helpful for diabetic people than Lal shak.

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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most widely prescribed class of gastrointestinal drugs as they have minimal side effects and few significant drug interactions, and are generally considered safe for long-term treatment. The proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole and rabeprazole have quite similar efficacy and potency. Current study was carried out at Jessore district in Bangladesh to investigate the current status of most commonly prescribed PPIs in terms of their generation, gender variation, age categorization and their preferred route of administration as well. However, esomeprazole was used by top most 70% patients, followed by 20%, 6%, 3% and 1% for omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and dexlansoprazole respectively. 75% prescriptions were prescribed for oral route of administration. 55% male and 35% of 35-50 years aged patients are suffering from peptic ulcer diseases and uses PPIs for healing process. During proton pump inhibitor therapy, it was observed to have nausea of 30% and vomiting for 28% patients as a major side effect. This study reveals that the new generation PPIs becomes more popular for the treatment of gastric disorders among people of Jessore city, Bangladesh.