The petroleum industry is located in one of the most active lightning zones in the world with a keraunic level of about 140 lightning days per year. In the past, lightning strikes have reportedly caused severe damages to the petroleum industry's facilities, control and communication equipments, etc. This Paper therefore evaluates available types of lightning and surge protection systems and proposes the best system or combination of systems for the Nigeria petroleum industry; which will utilize Charge Transfer Technology known as Dissipated Array System (DAS) developed by Lightning Eliminators Consultants (LEC), with all connections linked to earth grid. Proposed in this paper, is the installation of effective surge protection scheme, to minimize secondary effects of lightning strikes on the electrical systems by equipping such systems with metal oxide surge arrestors and installation of effective surge protection scheme on both ends (input/output) of instrumentation cables and protecting all data, communication and electronic control circuits with multi-element surge suppression devices. All the main power, control and communication feeders to the facility and office complexes should be protected by the effective coordinated installation of lightning arrestors, transient voltage suppressors (TVSS) as well as Power Distribution Supplies(PDS)/ Uninterrupted Power Supplies(UPS) units for major facilities such as the control and communication. The deployment of combination of options a, b, c and d surge protection systems at transformer high voltage connections, process control, fire/ gas and safeguarding systems, communications circuits and panel board feeders supplying sensitive electronic loads would eventually provide greater advantageous results.

Nigeria 330kV 28-bus network is continuously subjected to the greatest stress that can possibly emanate from a complete shutdown of a power plant or even a blackout of a whole area or excessive over currents or voltages which, depending upon their severity can cause extensive damage. The main causes of momentary excessive voltages and currents in power system due to transients include lightning, switching, short circuits and resonance conditions. Transient stability analysis is carried out on Nigeria 330kV 28-bus power network, consisting of 28 nodes, 10 generators, 18 load (PQ) buses, 16 transformers, 12,426MW grid capacity and 5,988km grid transmission lines to access the steady state voltage stability using MATLAB/ SIMULINK power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) program. The generator connected at bus no. 5 (Sapele PS) is shut down and the transient stability effect and impact on the 28-bus power network are analyzed. The starting time of the outage is 0.0001 second and transient phenomenon lasts in the 28-bus power network for a period of time ranging from 0.6 to 0.9 seconds. The transient stability analysis performed for 10 generators, 28-bus power network for various 3-phase fault locations and 3-phase fault clearing time showed that the network is stable in 0.80 seconds, critically stable in 0.815 seconds and unstable in 0.9 seconds.