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Purpose Social isolation and loneliness are global issues experienced by many seniors, especially immigrant and refugee seniors. Guided by the five-stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and more recently Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, the purpose of this paper is to explore the existing literature on social isolation and loneliness among immigrant and refugee seniors in Canada. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature search of several databases including: PubMed; MEDLINE; CINAHL; Web of Science; HealthStar Ovid; PschyInfo Ovid; Social Services Abstracts; AgeLine; Public Health Database, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. In total, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings Based on the current literature five themes related to social isolation and loneliness emerged: loss; living arrangements; dependency; barriers and challenges; and family conflict. Research limitations/implications Given the increasing demographic of aging immigrants in Canada, it is useful to highlight existing knowledge on social isolation and loneliness to facilitate research, policy and programs to support this growing population. Practical implications The population is aging around the world and it is also becoming increasingly diverse particularly in the high-income country context. Understanding and addressing social isolation is important for immigrant and refugee seniors, given the sociocultural and other differences. Social implications Social isolation is a waste of human resource and value created by seniors in the communities. Originality/value The paper makes a unique contribution by focusing on immigrant and refugee seniors.

Given Canada's aging population, the demand for home care is expected to increase significantly. To date, little is known about home care for older adults in Canada such as characteristics of home care recipients, gaps in services, or interventions designed to support home care client needs. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review of seven electronic databases for the years 2000-2016 to examine the current knowledge of home care services for Canada's older adults. This synthesis examined four main themes in the literature: older adult client-level predictors; unmet care needs; interventions; and issues and challenges in home care. This review found significant knowledge gaps on home care for older adults across the country, as over half of the studies were focused primarily in Ontario. Although promising strategies were evident, more research and evaluation of interventions, and outcomes are required to effectively support Canada's home care system now and over time.

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