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Background Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer; thus, revealing the biological and molecular mechanisms of abnormally expressed circRNAs is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Methods A circRNA microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between primary and distant metastatic tissues and between gastric cancer tissues sensitive or resistant to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy. The expression of circRNA discs large homolog 1 (DLG1) was determined in a larger cohort of primary and distant metastatic gastric cancer tissues. The role of circDLG1 in gastric cancer progression was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro, and the effect of circDLG1 on the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 was evaluated in vivo. The interaction between circDLG1 and miR-141-3p was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. Results circDLG1 was significantly upregulated in distant metastatic lesions and gastric cancer tissues resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy and was associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and adverse prognosis in gastric cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Ectopic circDLG1 expression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune evasion of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, circDLG1 interacted with miR-141-3p and acted as a miRNA sponge to increase the expression of CXCL12, which promoted gastric cancer progression and resistance to anti-PD-1-based therapy. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrate how circDLG1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune evasion and provide a new perspective on the role of circRNAs during gastric cancer progression.

electric vehicles, and more. [4,5] Among these rechargeable battery technologies, sodium, [6][7][8] magnesium, [9,10] zinc, [11,12] calcium, [13] and aluminum [14][15][16] ion batteries have drawn unique attention as the candidates of next-generation batteries. In particular, rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) hold impressive advantages, such as wide temperature range, high safety, and low cost. [17][18][19] However, there is still plenty of room for improving the energy density and long-term life cycle of the positive electrode materials in AIBs. Hence, it is significant to design appropriate positive electrode materials to promote the performance of current AIBs. Recently, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of organic materials owing to their unique structural features, such as chemical diversity and structure designability, which allows for achieving suitable active molecules for targeted electrodes. [20][21][22] In addition, weak intermolecular forces between active ions in the electrolyte and host materials are beneficial to the reversibility and kinetics of electrochemical reactions. [23,24] Moreover, molecular engineering could be employed to manipulate the voltage plateaus, electrical conductivity, and structural stability of organic materials, which enables the organic molecules to serve as a promising candidate material for next-generation electrode materials.At present, organic electrode materials reported in the AIBs mainly refer to the oxygen or nitrogen active sites in the compounds with carbonyl (CO) or in the nitrogen-containing compounds (CN), due to their structural diversity and chemical stability. In addition, this type of organic material is mainly based on coordination chemical reactions. [21,22,[25][26][27][28] Specifically, many studies on the compounds with carbonyl functional group have been reported. For example, Stoddart [25] and his colleagues synthesized a redox-active phenanthraquinone (PQ) macrocyclic compound, and the corresponding insertion mechanism between aluminum complex ions and conjugated carbonyl materials has been studied. Subsequently, they have improved specific capacity, electrical conductivity, and areal loading via blending PQ with graphite flakes. In the study from Lu and coworkers, [26] a polyimide (PI)/metal-organic framework (MOFs) hybrid material was reported. Also, Wang and coworkers [22] employed PI/CNT as the positive material in Al-organic battery. In the Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) attract interest for their promising features of superior safety and long-life energy storage. Organic materials with engineered active groups are considered promising for promoting energy storage capabilities. However, the corresponding energy density (both voltage plateau and sufficient active sites required) and stability are still unexpectedly poor. To address these challenges, here π-conjugated organic porphyrin molecules, that is, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H 2 TPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H 2 TCPP), are selec...