Background: The environmental factors affect the health of human beings by direct and indirect exposure. One of the factors is bisphenol A (BPA) which is used in the manufacturing of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of BPA on mammary gland in female Wistar rats by histological and immunohistochemistry process. Females were administered BPA orally (5, 50, 300, 600, and 800 mg BPA/kg bw/week) for 90 days. The control groups received olive oil only. Result: BPA induced a decrease in the number of ducts and fibrous collagenous connective tissue and was increased in non-pregnant, but the number of ducts and connective tissue showed no significant changes in cesarean and postterm females. Immunohistochemical results showed a significant increase in apoptotic color in non-pregnant whereas, in cesarean and post-term, no significant color was observed. Conclusion: The study concludes that BPA induced structural changes and affected the mammary gland.

Background 2, 2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl propane [bisphenol A (BPA)] is one of the major environmental pollutants and has the adverse effects on human health. BPA mimics the structure of estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors and alters the secretion of the hormone. It is ingested in humans through the regular use of plastic containers, bottles and food cans. Materials and methods Female Wistar rats were exposed orally to 5, 50, 300, 600 and 800 mg BPA/kg body weight (bd. wt.)/week mixed in olive oil and administered every 168 h for 3 months continuing through the mating, gestation and lactation and its effects on fertility, reproductive organ weight and hormones [LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG) and PRL (prolactin)] were evaluated. Results The findings revealed that females exposed to BPA exhibited a decrease in female fertility rate and weight of reproductive organs (ovary and uterus) with significant decreased levels of LH, FSH, E2, PROG and PRL in the non-pregnancy phase whereas in cesarean and post-term females, no significance difference was found in fertility rate, reproductive organ weight and hormonal levels. Conclusions These data indicate an increased sensitivity to BPA needs careful evaluation of the current levels of exposure.