Tuberculosis has re-emerged as a serious health concern as a result of AIDS epidemic, immigration from areas where the disease is endemic and multi drug resistance, with 8.8 million patients affected worldwide in 2010. Infections with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) are globally prevalent in many countries, yet descriptions of placental pathology in tuberculous patients are few. Moreover, the diagnosis of tuberculosis in pregnant patients can be missed or delayed owing to the insidious onset and variability of clinical presentation, often overlapping with non-specific symptoms common in pregnancy such as loss of appetite, malaise and lethargy. The exact incidence of tuberculosis in pregnancy is not readily available in many countries due to confounding factors. However, it is expected that the incidence of tuberculosis in pregnant women is high as in general population, with higher incidence in developing countries. Placental tuberculosis shows predominantly neutrophilic and histiocytic response in the form of villitis and intervillitis which is due to the innate immune response. This innate response contributes more to tissue injury than protection as proved in our case, where it led to intrauterine death of the fetus. We, hereby report a case of placental tuberculosis, diagnosed on histopathological examination of placenta showing caseating epithelioid cell granulomas with langhan’s giant cells and Acid Fast Bacilli on Zeihl Neilson stain.

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Multiple malignancies in the same patient account for 2% to 17% of all cancers. However, multiple synchronous primary tumours in the same patient are extremely rare. Most synchronous primary tumors involve the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, followed by both breast and genitourinary tract, and breast and gastrointestinal tract. Among gynaecological malignancies, synchronous primary carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary are the commonest. Synchronous primary neoplasm involving kidney and ovaries are extremely rare, with only few case reports in the literature; however, there are no reported cases in the Indian literature. We hereby report a case of 60 year old woman who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cancer and primary cytoreductive surgery for her ovarian cancer. In this report we present the first case in the Indian literature of synchronous primary cancers in right kidney and bilateral ovaries. Based on the combination of factors (diagnosis, treatment and demographics), it is expected that in the course of the coming years, the prevalence of patients with multiple primaries will increase. Careful attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis between double primary and metastatic tumours, based on the pathologic, radiological and clinical characteristics.

Although pituitary tumours are common, pituitary carcinomas are very rare. They are defined as adenohypophyseal tumours with metastatic activity within and outside the boundaries of the central nervous system (CNS). They usually spread to the other parts of the body, by the time they are diagnosed. Because so few cases of pituitary carcinoma have been reported worldwide, it is difficult to learn much about them, and it is difficult to diagnose and treat them. Pituitary carcinomas cannot be distinguished from benign pituitary tumours only on the basis of clinical findings and imaging. Presence of metastases is indicative of carcinoma. Many molecular markers for pathogenesis have been proposed, but none so far is a reliable predictor of disease progression or outcome. Treatment for pituitary carcinomas includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The paucity of reported cases and literature on pituitary carcinomas renders necessary further research into underlying mechanisms, diagnostic findings, and novel molecular targets for therapy.

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are uncommon tumours of neurogenic origin, thought to originate from Schwann cells. They are most commonly seen in skin, subcutaneous tissues and oral cavity, and are rarely found in gastrointestinal tract (8-10% of cases). Esophageal involvement is seen only in 2% cases. They are slow growing in nature, usually are asymptomatic and detected incidentally during investigation for other gastrointestinal causes. Because of the rarity of GCTs in clinical practice, proper workup and management are essential to avoid the potential morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic submucosal resection is the primary treatment which is done in most cases. Herein, we report a case of 85 year old female who was worked up for dyspepsia and dysphagia and was diagnosed as a case of Granular cell tumour on histopathology.