The main factors in reducing foodborne outbreaks are good knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception (KAP2) of food poisoning prevention. Nevertheless, limited KAP2 studies have been conducted among consumers, particularly in rural areas. Thus, this preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the current level of food poisoning prevention KAP2 before intervention among 100 voluntary consumers in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, selected through a non-probability convenience sampling. The KAP2 questionnaire was used and consists of five sections: socio-demographic, knowledge (42 items), attitude (10 items), practices (10 items), and perception (5 items). The scoring method used the original Bloom’s cut-off points with good level: 80%-100%; moderate level: 60-79%; and poor level: <59%. Overall, the results showed a moderate knowledge’s level with a median knowledge score of 29.0 (IQR 7.0) out of 42.0, a positive attitude with 46.0 (IQR 7.0) out of 50.0, good practice’s level with 34.0 (IQR 5.0) out of 40.0, and a moderate perception’s level on food poisoning prevention with 17.5 (IQR 4.0) out of 25.0. In conclusion, evaluating KAP2 before intervention is essential in developing an efficient educational program.

(1) Background: Lack of food safety awareness and preventive behaviour when dining out increases the risk of food poisoning. Furthermore, food poisoning cases among rural communities have been rising in recent years. However, the health-related mobile application is a promising tool in improving food poisoning prevention knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception (KAP2) among consumers. Therefore, the current study developed a novel smartphone app, MyWarung©, and determined its efficacy in increasing awareness, attitude, practice, and perception of food poisoning and its prevention when dining out, especially among rural consumers. (2) Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-and post-intervention study with a control and intervention group were performed on 100 consumers in Terengganu. (3) Results: The intervention’s inter-group outcomes were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test, while the within-group effects were ascertained using the Wilcoxon sign rank test via the SPSS software. It was found that the control group had higher median scores in knowledge (30.0, IQR 7.0), attitude (46.0, IQR 5.0), and practice (34.0, IQR 3.0) than the intervention group before intervention. After the intervention programme, the intervention group showed significant improvement in food poisoning knowledge (p = 0.000), attitude (p = 0.001), and practice (p = 0.000). However, the intervention group’s perceived barriers (p = 0.129) and susceptibility (p = 0.069) and the control group’s perceived barriers (p = 0.422) did not show any significant improvement. (4) Conclusion: The findings indicated that the MyWarung© mobile app usage enhanced the food poisoning knowledge, preventive attitude, and practice among consumers when dining out.

Purpose of study: Bacteria can naturally produce pigments that can be useful for various applications as they possess antimicrobial metabolites among other numerous benefits towards the human health. This study was carried out to identify the species of marine bacterial isolates PMA, PM3C1 and PM5C1 exhibiting yellow, orange and green colors respectively. Methodology: The current study is using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The stability of pigments extracted from the bacterial samples was also analyzed against different temperature and light conditions. Main Findings: Sequence alignment using BLAST revealed that the yellow, orange, and green-pigmented bacteria have 84% similarity with Staphylococcus aureus, 85% similarity with Exiguobacterium profundum and 95% similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The green pigment showed major changes in color following exposure to sunlight and fluorescent light, and when incubated at 24°C and 50°C. Exposure to direct sunlight also results in the reduction of color for the yellow and orange extracts, while no effect was observed for both pigments under fluorescent light. Incubation at 50°C results in the reduction of the orange color, while the yellow pigment was observed to be unaffected suggesting its stability at high temperature. Implications: Natural pigments production can provide many advantages including reduction of pollution generation, ease of disposal and other benefits to the human health.