Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 is a rare phenomenon. V. cholerae is known as a common aetiology of epidemic diarrheal disease and rarely causes extra-gastrointestinal infections. In this report, a 52-year-old man presented to our hospital with a clinical scenario for chronic liver cirrhosis with low grade fever and loose stools. V. cholerae was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture, which was further confirmed as non-O1/ non-O139 strain by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The patient was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and peritoneal drainage. This case represents the first isolation of V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 strain from peritoneal fluid.

Both mesenteric adenitis and acute appendicitis may present with fever and right lower quadrant pain. This presentation makes it challenging to provide a timely and accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery. We report a case of an 8-year-old who was admitted with fever and right lower quadrant pain, loss of appetite, and diarrhoea. There were tenderness and rigidity in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Hepatomegaly was present. Full blood count showed pancytopenia, and serum transaminases were mildly elevated. The clinical features in typhoid fever are not specific, making it difficult to differentiate from other infectious causes such as malaria, dengue, or leptospirosis, common in the region. This report illustrates a rare case of mesenteric adenitis caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi. It also shows the benefit of doing an abdominal ultrasound to help the surgeon decide whether surgery is necessary.