A good quality and proper quantity of filler material is one of the significant factors in producing asphalt mixture. Many studies have been highlighted waste material as an alternative filler to improve asphalt mixture performance. Hence, this paper reviewed the performance of asphalt mixture using rice husk ash (RHA) as filler in terms of the Marshall properties. It shows that 6% RHA by weight of total aggregate was commonly used and depicted better in Marshall properties than the others. This study also found that the RHA can be used to replace up to 100% of the conventional filler. Even though, higher RHA content could significantly reduce the stability yet it still within the acceptable range and could be applied at medium traffic load road. In return, the higher the RHA content the more waste material can be utilized for road construction. Thus, minimized the usage natural source materials.
Research on the relationship of second language extralinguistic factors with Malay language achievement among Malay multilingual students at boarding schools in Malaysia is still deficient. Being aware of this fact, the researchers have conducted a study on dominant second language extralinguistic factors in learning a second language. The researchers are interested in studying motivation as one of the main factors in extralinguistic. As a continuation of these efforts, the researchers tried to find the relationship between academic achievement in Malay language by the students and the second language extralinguistic factors. This study uses Dunn & Dunn Learning Styles, and the Attitude Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) questionnaire created by Gardner. Theory-based questions are constructed in forms of questionnaire and responses are analyzed. The results indicate that there is a relation between language extra-linguistics factors with the bilingual Malay students' achievement in Malay language. This is further ascertained when the research questions are proved right. The results from the field survey and observation study showed that Malay students from Sekolah Berasrama Penuh Integrasi Jempol, Batu Kikir (SBPIJ) choose attitude toward second language speaker identity as the dominant motivation variable, the same as well to Malay students from Sekolah Menengah Sains Tuanku Jaafar, Kuala Pilah (STJ). Emotion produces the main part in motivation.Keywords: extralinguistic, utterance, second language, motivation and emotion According to The Free Dictionary (2010), the word "extralinguistic" means collective knowledge that is needed to comprehend an utterance and pronunciation. Extralinguistic is the situation beyond the bound of the linguistics, however, it is a free pattern that can exist in any fields of study and the field of language studies, extralinguistic elements are considered because the elements give information about motivation, emotion, behaviour, personality, and so on that are proven helping a student grasp the certain language. In this study, the researchers connected all four ancillaries and extralinguistic in language learning which are essential in order to indicate the perfection of other languages' acceptance besides the mother tongue.
Factors of ExtralinguisticThe literature reviews about extralinguistic in Malaysia was pioneered by Noor Aina Dani (2008) mentioned the factors of extralinguistic exist together with the second language, and it could act as language catalyst and vice versa. The factors of extralinguistic are related to the learning processes whether language learning, science, or mathematics. Noor Aina Dani (1997) based on her study about the extralinguistic elements in language learning toward 109 respondents stated that language exposure and behaviour were two elements of the factors of extralinguistic for the students in the study. Malay language exposure was acquired through the contracts with print media, electronic media, and social interaction. Behaviour was related to the ...
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