This paper introduces a novel multiobjective approach for capacity benefit margin (CBM) assessment taking into account tie-line reliability of interconnected systems. CBM is the imperative information utilized as a reference by the load-serving entities (LSE) to estimate a certain margin of transfer capability so that a reliable access to generation through interconnected system could be attained. A new Pareto-based evolutionary programming (EP) technique is used to perform a simultaneous determination of CBM for all areas of the interconnected system. The selection of CBM at the Pareto optimal front is proposed to be performed by referring to a heuristic ranking index that takes into account system loss of load expectation (LOLE) in various conditions. Eventually, the power transfer based available transfer capability (ATC) is determined by considering the firm and nonfirm transfers of CBM. A comprehensive set of numerical studies are conducted on the modified IEEE-RTS79 and the performance of the proposed method is numerically investigated in detail. The main advantage of the proposed technique is in terms of flexibility offered to an independent system operator in selecting an appropriate solution of CBM simultaneously for all areas.

This article presents a newly circularly polarized (CP) antenna for V2X's dedicated short range communications applications. Its CP characteristic is enabled by a 70 Ω sequential phase feeding network and sequential rotation technique designed on top of the substrate. It has features of ≈90° phase difference in sequence between ports of S21 = 2.4°, S31 = −87°, S41 = −180°, and S51 = −276°, resulting in a 2.19 dB axial ratio centered at 5.9 GHz. The length of the SP feeding network to each ports designed in the different form of meander lines are the key to control the generated phase at the center frequency It also contributes to the smaller final size of 0.59λ × 0.59λ. The proposed antenna operated from 5.850 to 5.925 GHz with a gain between 4 and 6 dBi. The gains are radiated in bidirectional mode due to the presence of the complimentary dipoles located on the opposite side of the substrate. These features indicate the suitability of the proposed antenna in compliance to the ITS‐G5 OBU V2X standard.

Abstract-Problem

Abstract-Problem statement: Traditionally the dyeing of natural dyes from plant materials was done by boiling using roaches method which requires longer time, higher temperature and metallic mordant to get good color fastness. Metallic mordants usually used in dyeing posed some serious bad effect to ecological. Thus this study explored a suitable technique for more efficient natural dyeing using suitable bio mordant to improve the color fastness of natural dyes on silk fabric. Approach: This study demonstrated ultrasonic cleaner as a technique of dyeing the colorant from a selected plant, i.e Xylocarpus moluccensis to a selected fabric, i.e silk. Colorant from combination of heartwood and bark (as a biomordant) of Xylocarpus moluccensis was dyed at different ultrasonic volume and time. Result: Results show the highest percentage of dye absorbed to silk fabric using ultrasonic cleaner was produced at optimum condition of medium sonic volume in 80 minutes time. Bark of Xylocarpus moluccensis was used as the biomordant to produce good color fastness properties to washing and perspiration. Conclusion: The utilization of ultrasonic cleaner and biomordant was found to have significant improvement in the dyeing color of natural dyes to silk fabric with lower dyeing temperature compared to traditional roaches method.

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