The cytotoxic activitiy of silver nanoparticles bio-functionalized by Nelumbo nucifera leaf extracts were examined in the current work. The nanoparticle (AgNPs) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and a particle size analyzer. Cytotoxic activity of silver nanoparticles against T47D and 4T1 cells using the MTT method using concentrations of 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 25 µg/mL. For comparison, doxorubicin was used at the same dose. The size of the spherical nanoparticle was 66.4±0.93 nm and the polydispersity index was 0.23±0.05. Silver nanoparticles have anti-cancer properties against T47D and 4T1 cell lines based on inhibitory concentration. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of AgNPs on T47D and 4T1 cells were obtained at 12.10±0.08 𝜇g/mL and 98.77±1.27 𝜇g/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the IC50 values of doxorubicin in T47D and 4T1 cells were 4.45±0.03 𝜇g/mL and 36.77±1.15 𝜇g/mL, respectively. Overall, the results revealed that the green-synthetized silver nanoparticle had cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells in comparison to doxorubicin.

Secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties have been found in arummanis mango leaves. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids, especially the mangiferin molecule found in several mango varieties, are also present in arum manis mango leaf extract. Mangiferin has shown action on Staphylococcus aureus as an antibacterial agent that can prevent the development of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacteria that triggers skin infections. In this research, extract nanoparticles and inhibition tests against staphylococcus aureus bacteria were prepared using extract nanoparticles and ethanol extract of arum manis mango leaves. The manufacture of nanoparticles in this study was carried out because smaller and nanometer-sized materials have more special chemical and glass characteristics; their small size has a greater surface area to volume ratio than larger particles. Nanoparticles are small particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm. A particle size analyzer is used to characterize nanoparticles. Using the disc diffusion method, antibacterial activity tests were carried out at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, using nanoparticle extracts, and 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% for extract concentration. The results of the extract nanoparticle size characterization were 40.2 nm. The bacterial inhibition zones of arum manis mango leaf extract obtained at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% were 11.9, 14.4, and 15.4 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition zones of nanoparticle bacteria extract 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% were 15.5, 17.5, and 18.3 mm, respectively. The concentration of 2.5% nanoparticle extract has the inhibition power of bacteria equivalent to that of 75% ethanol extract, so it says that the nanoparticles can reduce the size dose and have an inhibition power in the moderate sensitivity category.

Bahan bakar alternatif untuk mesin diesel yaitu biodiesel yang merupakan sumber daya terbarukan (renewable). Salah satu bahan alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai material dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah minyak jarak kepyar (ricinus communis) dan minyak jelantah. Salah satu aspek yang penting dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah katalis. Selain katalis basa homogen seperti NaOH dan KOH, baru-baru ini telah dikembangkan penggunaan katalis basa heterogen yakni kalsium oksida (CaO) yang bersumber dari kulit kerang. Penelitian tentang biodiesel sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, yang belum pernah dilakukan adalah pembuatan biodiesel menggunakan campuran minyak jarak kepyar dan minyak jelantah dengan variasi rasio mol dan jumlah katalis dari limbah cangkang kerang darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari cara pembuatan katalis dan karakterisasi cangkang kerang darah (anadara granosa) untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan kimia serta performanya dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari campuran minyak jarak kepyar (ricinus communis) dan minyak jelantah. Cangkang kerang darah dikalsinasi pada suhu 900°C selama 5 jam. Proses transesterifikasi dilakukan selama 100 menit pada suhu 60°C dengan variasi rasio mol minyak dan metanol 1:12, 1:15 dan 1:18 dan berat katalis 3%, 6% dan 9% dari massa minyak. Hasil uji biodiesel terbaik di dapatkan pada rasio mol minyak dan metanol 1:15 dengan jumlah katalis 3% dengan nilai yield 69,94%. Pada hasil komposisi senyawa hidrokarbon (GC-MS) terdapat 5 puncak grafik yang menghasilkan metil ester.