Confronted with the contemporary challenges of maximizing energy efficiency with minimal impact on the environment, the automotive industry has developed various technologies to tackle them. Most of these technologies, however,have wider implications on the tribological performance of the automotive engines due to resultant soot build-up. This paper reviews the effects that attempts by stakeholders to satisfy requirements for reduced fuel consumption, reduced emissions and extended service intervals havehad on increasing soot levels to an extent that can lead to engine component failure.Three areas have been identified that have either not been explored or not widely explored in the study of automotive soot, namely: numerical simulation and modelling of soot wear, soot effects on wear of actual engine components and the wear and friction performance of non-metallic materials used in ICEs. A paper-grading system is also utilised to present an overview of how sooty oil related research covers various areas.

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An investigation of water-based reciprocating triplex piston pump was conducted to propose a low cost solution for the substitution of the traditional oil hydraulics to water hydraulics. Triplex pumps used in this investigation as the water hydraulics require continuous pumping. These pumps are capable of handling a wide range of fluid types, including corrosive fluids, abrasive fluids, and slurries containing relatively large particulates. Thus, an evaluation of the triplex pump using a simple simulation process that focuses on the volumetric efficiency has been conducted in order to understand its ability in energy-efficient system. In this paper, the results of a simulated study of a positive displacement triplex piston pump are presented. The result concludes that the use of water is relatively efficient if the slip factor is maintained to 0.003, with the system pressure is set from 10 to 40 bar.

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