No abstract

The ultimate benefit of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to improve quality of life by supporting the automation and interconnection of various services; this interconnection includes public facilities in platforms such as smart cities. IoT implementation is believed to improve services and yield additional benefits. However, assessment of how the IoT brings such an experience to users is still a challenge that is not yet standardized. Given that little research has discussed this issue, this paper aims to formulate a framework for measuring the quality of experience (QoE) regarding IoT services on the basis of the Absolute Category Rating with Hidden Reference (ACR-HR) scale, which measures the perception of experience by having the IoT users provide scores for their experiences before and after IoT implementation. The proposed framework consists of 5 steps: setting up the focus of the IoT services and the QoE parameters being assessed, defining users of IoT services, conducting a mean opinion score (MOS) survey of the users, calculating the DMOS (differential MOS) on the basis of the ACR-HR quantitative scale, and finally providing the strategic implications to those who implement the service. To test the proposed framework, we have conducted a proof of concept by measuring the QoE for the IoT services in the Jakarta Smart City platform. Six institutional users operate the IoT for their public services, ranging from fire and rescue brigades to public bus transportation. The results imply that the IoT-based services provide a good experience to institutional users when compared to the state of services without IoT. A strategic implication is that some features of Jakarta Smart City must be evaluated and improved to increase the level of satisfaction of users. To conclude, our framework is sufficiently reliable in measuring the QoE for IoT-based services and can be recommended for use for any other IoT-type service.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in educational institutions across the country, prompting medical schools to adopt online learning systems. This study aims to determine impact on medical education and the medical student’s attitude, practice, mental health after 1 year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design. An online questionnaire was distributed digitally to 49 medical schools in Indonesia from February–May 2021. A total of 7,949 medical students participated in this study. Sampling was carried out based on a purposive technique whose inclusion criteria were active college students. This research used questionnaires distributed in online version among 49 medical faculties that belong to The Association of Indonesian Private Medical Faculty. Instruments included demographic database, medical education status, experience with medical tele-education, ownership types of electronic devices, availability of technologies, programs of education methods, career plans, attitudes toward pandemic, and the mental health of respondents. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was conducted to determine the association of variables. All statistical analyses using (IBM) SPSS version 22.0.ResultsMost of the respondents were female (69.4%), the mean age was 20.9 ± 2.1 years. More than half of the respondents (58.7%) reported that they have adequate skills in using digital devices. Most of them (74%) agreed that e-learning can be implemented in Indonesia. The infrastructure aspects that require attention are Internet access and the type of supporting devices. The pandemic also has an impact on the sustainability of the education program. It was found that 28.1% were experiencing financial problems, 2.1% postponed their education due to this problems. The delay of the education process was 32.6% and 47.5% delays in the clinical education phase. Around 4% student being sick, self-isolation and taking care sick family. the pandemic was found to affect students’ interests and future career plans (34%). The majority of students (52.2%) are concerned that the pandemic will limit their opportunities to become specialists. Nearly 40% of respondents expressed anxiety symptoms about a variety of issues for several days. About a third of respondents feel sad, depressed, and hopeless for a few days.ConclusionThe infrastructure and competency of its users are required for E-learning to be successful. The majority of medical students believe that e-learning can be adopted in Indonesia and that their capacity to use electronic devices is good. However, access to the internet remains a problem. On the other side, the pandemic has disrupted the education process and mental health, with fears of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the loss of opportunities to apply for specialty training, and the potential for increased financial difficulties among medical students. Our findings can be used to assess the current educational process in medical schools and maximize e-learning as an alternative means of preparing doctors for the future.

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