Statistics from the Marine Department in Malaysian Territorial waters has shown an increase in maritime accidents. The data of maritime accidents, including latitude and longitude of the locations, are analysed using Geographical Information System with Kernel Density function. This is to visualise, locate and identify the high-risk location of maritime accidents in Malaysian waters. Using the GIS analysis, the findings suggest that the data of the high-risk maritime location is at Malacca Straits. The results showed that GIS analysis is a useful tool to analyse maritime accidents data and can be used as a guidance for navigators to plan their passage in order to avoid maritime accidents.

Mangroves forests provide a support to the coastal livelihood, ecosystem, socioeconomic and also the environment. In Malaysia, the mangroves forest has been in declining rate causes by a few factor such as conversion to shrimps ponds, urban development and tourism. Such threats led to increasing demand for detailed mangrove maps for the purpose of measuring the extent of deterioration of the mangrove ecosystem. However, it is difficult to produce a detailed mangrove map mainly because mangrove forest is very difficult to access. Remote sensing technology provides a genuine alternative to the traditional field-based method of mangrove mapping and monitoring. This study analyses and map the mangrove forest changes at Pulau Kukup, Ramsar Site Johor from 2013 until 2021 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The findings of this study are the mangrove forests in Pulau Kukup, Ramsar Site Johor, revealed an unfavourable shift leading to deforestation from 2013 to 2016. However, between 2019 and 2021, the mangrove forest improves as the forest’s vegetation grows.

Marine activities at sea are very popular with the people of the world. Various marine activities such as swimming, boating, fishing and even shipping are often done on the coast and sea. However, loose control and monitoring cause various problems such as accidents, marine life threats and even pollution. The current method uses a vessel monitoring system (VMS) as well as a geographic information system (GIS). This method of course uses high costs because the information obtained is international. There are also barriers to obtaining sensitive information. This makes it difficult for local authorities to obtain uniform information on centralized water activities. This study proposes a smart and centralized system of control and monitoring of water activities. The novelty of this study is to recognise and detect a foreign object on the surface of the sea. In addition, this study made a virtual barrier between safe and dangerous zone. This system can control all marine activities with the use of mobile equipment installed on the body of the user or even the vessel used. The system will control and monitor all activities centrally. In the event of an emergency or violation of the law, this system will deliver an immediate message to the authorities. The system is evaluated based on user distribution and control environment. System performance audit shows that this system method successfully controls and monitors water activity within 1 kilometre from the coast

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