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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the education sector locally and globally especially in teaching and learning delivery methods as most universities have adopted online platforms. The present situation is not only challenging but also tests the flexibility of the existing education system. With the help of technology, the existing traditional education system could be more flexible to enable more individuals from around the world to access education. The latest revolution in online education, micro-credential, is growing interest among public and private universities worldwide, including Malaysia. However, to date, little scholarly work is found related to micro-credentials in higher education. This conceptual paper presents an overview of micro-credential and the challenges and opportunities of offering micro-credential certification in the form of digital badges to the national and global market. Recommendations are made to multiple stakeholders (e.g., higher education providers, employers) to enhance the use of certifications for graduate employability. Ideas for further research are also presented.   Keywords: Digital badges, Digital credentialing, Higher-education, Micro-credential, Online certification

Purpose This study aims to generate novel insights about minimum wage policy implementation through a joint assessment of the mediating roles of work motivation, work engagement and job satisfaction in predicting outcomes such as turnover intention and work engagement. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from hotel employees in Malaysia using an electronic survey. A total of 239 responses were used in analyzing direct and indirect effects. Findings Results reveal that work motivation, work engagement and job satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between employee compensation satisfaction and employee turnover intention. Work motivation was found to mediate the relationship between employee compensation satisfaction and employee work engagement. Additionally, work engagement and job satisfaction mediated the relationship between employee work motivation and employee turnover intention. Research limitations/implications Missing data are inevitable in survey research. Due to data missing for some of the demographic questions, the moderating effect of certain demographic characteristics (e.g. sex) could not be assessed. Practical implications Given recent minimum wage policy implementation in Malaysia, it is imperative that Malaysian hotel operators understand to what extent employee compensation satisfaction influences how employees perceived their jobs and to what extent work motivation, work engagement and job satisfaction mediate employee compensation satisfaction and employee turnover intention. Originality/value This study makes a significant contribution to the hospitality compensation research area, specifically regarding the impact of compensation on how employees perceived their jobs after minimum wage implementation.

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A pretest is an integral aspect of a quantitative study as it highlights the improvisation needed to create effective survey questionnaires. It is important to administer a pretest to ensure the actual data collection can be properly conducted. This paper is part of ongoing research which describes the process of conducting a pretest through the distribution of survey questionnaires on an online platform. The pretest was conducted on hospitality and tourism students from two private colleges in Klang Valley. Steps on the expert review to evaluate the validity of the instrument are discussed in detail. The challenges faced in selecting participants and establishing contact with the targeted population are described. This included overcoming communication issues which needed to be done online because of the pandemic restrictions which limits the possibility of physical meeting with the representative of the selected colleges to seek permission for the study to be conducted. This paper discusses the execution as well as findings from the pretest and the improvement done in developing an effective survey questionnaire.