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For the first time, the interfacial microstructures and hardening mechanisms of a multi-material (MM) 316L stainless steel/Inconel 718 (316L SS/IN 718) interface fabricated by a novel multi-material selective laser melting (MM SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) system have been investigated in this study. MM 316L SS/IN 718 parts were successfully built with high densification levels (> 99%) and low porosity content (average: ~ 0.81%). Microscopy analysis indicates that the interfacial microstructures are characterised by dense dislocation tangling networks, NbC and TiC, and very small amounts of Laves phase (< 2 wt. %). In addition, equiaxed grains (average: 45 ± 3 μm) are attained in the interfacial region, whereas both individual IN 718 and 316L SS regions exhibit show columnar grains with average sizes of 55 ± 5 μm and 85 ± 3 μm, respectively. Vickers microhardness (HV) and nanoindentation measurements exhibit that the hardness values of the interfacial region are between those of the individual material regions. A strengthening model is built to assess the contribution of intrinsic strength, solid solution, precipitations, dislocations, and grain boundaries to the overall interfacial hardness of the as-built MM alloy.

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Bateq indigenous people have a firm traditional culture. Their adaptation to the forest has given them a deep relationship with nature and a wealth of pure values. However, most people in the Bateq community are shy, unproductive, and have low self-esteem and confidence. They are also not strong enough to face challenges and fear competing. People think that Bateq aborigines depend too much on government help to live. Some Bateq people do not know how to read or write, and they do not speak English well enough to help some international tourists. Aside from that, they do not understand what tourism development is or why it is crucial. As a result, Bateqs' support for tourism development remains unclear. In the context of Taman Negara Pahang (TNP), this study employs thematic content analysis to investigate the attitudes of Bateq aborigines towards support for tourism development. The study used a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, which consisted of thematically analysing 29 English language comprising tourism and social science journal articles. The SLR technique is the most effective way to uncover information on the issues covered since SLRs allow the paper to incorporate current material and build a firm definition and framework for future study. Many Bateq aboriginals in TNP are unwilling or unable to engage in tourism or other industries. This is because such involvement might be unpleasant and upsetting for them. At the same time, when tourists come to their community, the Bateq aborigines deliver a warm and personalised welcome to the people. Participation in other tourism-related activities demands direct and extended social contact with guests, which many Bateq aboriginals cannot perform. Aside from losing freedom in deciding where to live, the Bateq aborigines are rapidly losing the right to define the long duration of residency in an area.