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The implementation of building information modelling (BIM) can be challenging without proper processes, procedures and standards. As the development of BIM progresses, there are concerns related to the five-dimensional (5D) BIM procedures in producing deliverables from the cost aspects of the project that adopts BIM technology. While the concerns may expose to amount of risks that can influence the project cost, this paper is determined to investigate the technical risks of 5D BIM practice and explore risk mitigation strategies for the construction project that adopts 5D BIM technology. Three main groups of technical risks were identified and reviewed, namely modelling issues, poor execution procedures and design change issues. The population of this paper consists of quantity surveyors and the respondents come from consultancy firms, contractors and developers. This paper also found twelve critical issues and challenges of 5D BIM implementation that had been analysed with the relative importance index (RII) analysis. Risk mitigation strategies are proposed to make a positive impact on the 5D BIM implementation, which consist of regular checks and balances, improve skills and knowledge through training and acquire suitable 5D BIM applications. The use of a BIM execution plan (BEP) and BIM protocol are also being discussed in this paper.

Despite the benefits, globalisation and liberalisation impose challenges to local contractors. Main problem statement: The local contractors’ lack of competitive advantages provides opportunities to their competitors, limiting chances to secure local projects. This study aims to appraise local contractors’ competitiveness with the objective to assess the challenges to compete in the globalisation and liberalisation. Data from the questionnaire surveys on 60 Malaysian international contractors were analysed using the RASCH model. Three challenges assessed are: unstable economic situation, stiff local competition, and building reputation difficulties. The findings are aligned with the 2021-2025 Strategic Plan to encourage local contractors to venture overseas. Keywords: Challenges, Local contractors, Foreign contractors, Malaysian Construction Industry, Globalisation, Liberalisation eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2900

Malaysia was officially launched Malaysia Green Highway Index (MyGHI) manual as a guideline to confirm the green credential of a highway, this concept is at the conforming stage in Malaysia with seventeen (17) operated tolled highway projects and eleven (11) other registered and awaiting assessment for certification. Subsequently, INFRASTAR developed as an evidence-based rating system for infrastructure projects. Further measurement should be taken into account from the perspectives of highway concessions and stakeholders. Thus, this is not only to focus on the rating scores; as well as to highlight the driven factors that lead to Malaysia’s green highway implementation. The primary constructs of this research model namely green highway challenges, green highway characteristics and green highway implementation are assessed. A total of 63 surveys from 81 surveys were responded (77.8% of responses rate). The response rate was high, and there was no evidence of bias noted. The statistical result of this study corroborates the exploratory study interviewed earlier which suggested a positive relationship between green highway characteristics and green highway implementation. Besides, all the constructs represent 12.8%, 37.7% and 96.2% of factors for challenges and characteristics towards green highway implementation in Malaysia’s operated tolled highway projects, respectively. Implications and future research directions of this study are discussed.