An increased risk of falls in the elderly is associated with decreased muscle mass and strength in the lower limbs. The Otago Exercise Regimen (OEP) is a moderately challenging walking, flexibility, strengthening, and balancing exercise regimen. The Otago Exercise Program has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of falls in elderly individuals by improving balance and muscular strength. This research sought to ascertain how the Otago Exercise Program influenced the lower limb muscular strength of older women. The research was done from October 2020 to May 2021. 26 individuals, split into a treatment group and a control group (13 people each). The moderate intensity Otago Exercise Program was administered to the treatment group for eight weeks, lasting 30 minutes three times each week. In this study, the parameter that assessed the muscular strength in the lower extremities was examined using the 30 second sit-to-stand (30STS) test. Two measurements are made: once prior to and once following the eight-week OEP period.

Background: The American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) recommends cardiorespiratory fitness training in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) for 3-7 days a week, total duration 150 minutes a week with moderate intensity using large muscle groups. Treadmill training is the best cardiorespiratory fitness training because it involves large muscle group compared to static cycle and arm crank.Aim: To determine the effect of moderate intensity treadmill exercise with gradual increase of speed and inclination on VO2max in men with T2DM.Material and Methods: Randomized group design in 22 men with T2DM, suitable with inclusion criteria was divided into 2 groups, the experimental and control group. The experimental group received moderate intensity treadmill exercise, 3 times a week with gradual increase of speed and inclination for 4 weeks. The control group underwent standard therapy. Measurement of VO2max was performed before and after program in both groups.Results: A significant increase of VO2max in the experimental group (p = 0.003). Compared to the control group, alteration of VO2max also significant among the experimental group (p = 0.000).Conclusion: Moderate intensity treadmill exercise with gradual increase on speed and inclination for 4 weeks increase VO2max in men with T2DM.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common entrapment neuropathy in the upper extrimity, is a clinical syndrome characterized by a tingling sensation, numbness, pain, or weakness in the hand and wrist radiating up to the arm. This condition is a major cause of absenteeism, reduced productivity, and financial loss among various neuropathy due to median nerve compression. This paper, medical rehabilitation of CTS is viewed. Medical rehabilitation of CTS aimed to reduce pain, reduce clamping of the carpal tunnel, sensory and motor reeducation so that hand function improves and can perform activities of daily living. Treatment options can be given includes exercise therapy, ultrasound diathermy, low level laser therapy (LLLT), and shock wave therapy (SWT).

Patients with end stage CKD are characterized by low levels of physical activity and ongoing decline in physical function, especially with routine hemodialysis (HD). Physical inactivity significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with HD. Two Minute Walking Test (2MWT) and VO2 max are parameters that can be used to evaluate functional capacity and cardiopulmonary fitness. Exercise can improve cardiovascular ability, dialysis effectiveness, physical function, and health-related quality of life in patients undergoing HD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intradialytic cycling exercise on the 2MWT and VO2max in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis Thirty CKD patients participated in this study. From the total, 4 subjects dropped out, leaving twenty-six CKD patients. Subjects divided into exercise and control groups were able to follow the study until the end. The exercise group did a low-intensity intradialytic cycling exercise program for 12 weeks. Both groups were given education about physical function and cardiopulmonary fitness in CKD patients and continued drug therapy and diet as before. 2MWT and VO2max were evaluated before and after the intervention.

Background: Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity shift in response to body position changing. Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have problems controlling autonomic functions occurs as a result of an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Despite the fact that changing body position is often used in SCI rehabilitation, few studies have compared the autonomic activity of SCI patients at different body positions. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to invasively assess cardiac autonomic modulation. This study aims to obtain information about the autonomic modulation features of SCI patients in supine and sitting positions using HRV measurements. Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study approach. Participants of this study were 14 chronic SCI patients with injury durations more than a year. Measurement of HRV is using Polar H10 (1B56EB2E). HRV measurements in the subjects of this study were Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio in supine and sitting positions.Results: There was a significant difference in the value of RMSSD in chronic SCI patients from supine to sitting position (p 0.019). There was no significant difference in the value of LF/HF ratio in chronic SCI patients from supine to sitting position (p 0.408).Conclusions: Parasympathetic activity (RMSSD) decreased significantly in chronic SCI patients due to postural changing from supine to sitting position. Despite the fact that sympathetic activity is disrupted in SCI patients, the sympathovagal balance can still be maintained with changes in body position.