Nanomaterials are emerging as one of the methods to improve the pavement industry. Due to that, this study explores the influence of nano TiO2 modified binder and mixture with 60/70 grade bitumen. The first stage discovers the physical properties of bitumen by undergoing penetration and softening point tests. Then, the nano TiO2 modified binder is evaluated in terms of its morphological and chemical properties. To verify the modified binder design, the mechanical performance of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is assessed in terms of volumetric properties. From the results, 5% nano TiO2 modified binder shows significant improvement in terms of penetration and softening point. The results also show that the 3% nano TiO2 modified binder contributes the highest improvement in terms of its chemical properties and the morphological properties. Based on the morphological properties’ evaluation, FTIR and XRD observed a sharp peak of nano TiO2 while the bitumen containing nano TiO2 is well distributed when SEM-EDX was applied. In addition, the volumetric properties of SMA also significantly improve with the addition of nano TiO2. It can be said that the addition of nano TiO2 is able to enhance the overall properties of bitumen.
Stone mastic asphalt is a gap-graded mix and is usually related to its high bitumen content and its skeleton-like constitution. Although famous for its durability, high resistance to fatigue and rutting, issues such as bleeding and premature aging do occur in the mix since it has a high bitumen content and voids due to its gap-graded structure. In order to encounter these problems from affecting the mix, some instances such as adding additives, rejuvenators and stabilizers into the mixture has been implemented.
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