Soft coral Nepthea sp. grows in the seas of South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, information on the chemical and pharmaceutical aspects of this genus is still limited. Therefore, this research aims to explore the chemical contents and biological activities of Nepthea sp. The sample was collected from the waters of Saponda Island by SCUBA diving. It was extracted by ethyl acetate and fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography. The chemical content was analyzed by phytochemical screening, LC-MS/MS analysis, Total Phenolics Content and Total Flavonoids Contents. Antioxidant potency was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Cytotoxicity property was analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. The result showed that the fractionation of Nepthea ethylacetate extracts produced six fractions (A-F). Fractions A and B contain non-polar compounds. Based on LC-MS/MS data, the non-polar compounds in Fraction A and B include achillin, atractylenolide II, buthyl isobuthyl phthalate, rengyolester, 2a-acetoxycostic acid, ocotillol acetate, petasitolone and some unidentified compounds that are C33H58O4, C15H21NO, C21H33NO, and C16H20O4. In general, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of all samples are in the weak category, however, when examined for each sample, the antioxidant properties of fraction B is slightly better than fraction A based on the IC50 value of DPPH and ABTS. Cytotoxicity of Fraction A is better than Fraction B against Breast Cancer cell lines MCF-7. The non-polar fraction of Nepthea sp. can be developed as raw material for the discovery of new compounds, antioxidant and anticancer agents, especially breast cancer.

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Etlingera elatior have many biological properties. Thus, we aim to isolate and to evaluate radical scavenger potency of compounds from Etlingera elatior fruits and antidiabetic potency of the ethanol fruits extract. E. elatior fruits were collected from the Wolasi Forest, South East Sulawesi. The isolation was carried out by using chromatography technique and the compound structures were evaluated by interpreting spectroscopic data (FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR). The radical scavenger activity was evaluated towards DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl-hydrazyl) radicals. Antidiabetic activity was carried out in experimental animals, as well as the histopathology of pancreatic organ. Four aromatic compounds have been isolated and identified, quercetin (1) as flavonoid, firstly reported from E.elatior fruits, p-coumaric acid (2), vanilic acid (3), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4). Radical scavenger potency of quercetin> vanilic acid>p-hydroxybenzoic acid>p-coumaric acid> the extract. Ethanol extract of Wualae fruits showed activity as antidiabetic and protective effect to beta cell at concentration 200; 300; and 400mg/kgBw, with most effective in decreasing plasma glucose and protecting beta cell was 400 mg/KgBw. E.elatior fruits possess pronounced radical scavenger and anti-diabetic properties which may be due to the presence quercetin in the plant. Therefore, the fruit’s extract can be further developed for the cosmetics and diabetic management.

Nepthea sp. is a soft coral that grows abundantly in the seas of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. However, there is no information available regarding its pharmacological or chemical characteristics. As a result, the goal of this research was to uncover the chemical profile of the Nepthea sp. ethyl acetate subfractions, as well as their antioxidant and anticancer potential. The sample was extracted with ethyl acetate and then fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography with Si-gel as an adsorbent and a chosen solvent as an eluent. Phytochemical tests, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), and total phenolic content were used to determine the chemical content. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals were used to test the antioxidant potency, whereas MCF-7 cell lines were used in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide experiment to evaluate cytotoxicity. The fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract (160 g) produced six subfractions: Fractions A (35.2 g), B (4.3 g), C (5.9 g), D (10.7 g), E (26.5 g), and F (15.4 g). According to the DPPH and ABTS results, fraction E has the highest antioxidant potency (IC 50 = 67.39 ± 1.56 and 54.12 ± 0.95 mgl −1 , respectively), and fraction C has the highest anticancer activity (IC 50 = 72.82 ± 1.30 mgl −1 ). Fraction C components include 3-acetyl-3,4-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2(1)H-benzopyrone, oxyphyllenone B, and unidentified chemicals, according to LC-MS/MS data (C 15 H 21 NO, C 21 H 33 NO 2 , C 15 H 23 NO 3 , C 15 H 21 NO 2 , C 15 H 21 NO 3 , and C 45 H 84 O 14). Rengyolester, piperolactam-C9:1(8E), valine, and unidentified chemicals (C 52 H 79 N 3 O, C 32 H 51 NO 7 ) make up fraction E. As a result, the ethyl acetate extract and its subfractions from Nepthea sp., especially fractions C and E, can be used as a source of raw materials for anticancer agents and antioxidants, respectively.

The utilization of the stems, leaves, and hulls of peanuts (Arachis hypogea) is not as popular as the seeds. This study aimed to investigate the chemical contents and pharmacological activities of A. hypogaea stems in-vitro and in-silico. This study was also completed with bibliometric analysis. The methanol extract (ME) was reextracted by ethylacetate to get ethyl acetate extract (EAE). The chemical contents of EAE were analyzed by phytochemical screening, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), TPC (Total Phenolic Content), and TFC (Total Flavonoid Content). In-vitro and in-silico studies evaluated antioxidant potency, toxicity, and cytotoxicity toward MCF-7 cell lines. The results showed that EAE contained terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics which were supported by LC-MS/MS data. The EAE was categorized as a very strong antioxidant and moderately active in both cytotoxicity and toxicity.