Summary:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different freezing rates on post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome defect, and sperm chromatin structure and apoptotic activity in ram semen. Collected semen was diluted at 1:5 (semen/extender) with Bioxel® (IMV technologies France) at 30ºC and then cooled to 5ºC within 1h. Cooled semen was subjected to the equilibration for 2 hours. Equilibrated semen was frozen in 0.25 ml straw at two different cooling rates (slow: 0.5°C/min from 5 to -20°C and fast: 5°C/min from 5 to -20°C). Both groups were frozen from -20 to -120°C at 25°C/min and stored in liquid nitrogen until use. Post-thaw (37°C/30 min) sperm motility, defected acrosome (Pisum sativum agglutinin fluorescein conjugate, FITC PSA), sperm chromatin structure determined by Acridin Orange (AO) and apoptotic activity using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were evaluated. Post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome defect, AO and TUNEL for slow frozen semen were 42.8±8.8%, 31.6±12.9%, 2.9±2.4% and 2.8±1.6%, and for fast frozen semen were 36.5±9.9%, 24.7±11.1%, 3.3±2.2% and 6.3±3.4%, respectively. Post-thaw semen analyses showed that there was no significant difference between two freezing curves in terms of acrosome defect, sperm chromatin damage (AO). However, a significant difference was found for postthaw semen motility between two groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, while the slow freezing procedure improved post-thaw sperm motility, acrosome and chromatin integrities and apoptotic index in ram spermatozoa did not show any significant difference between freezing rates.Key words: Apoptosis, freezing rate, ram semen. Koç spermasında dondurma hızının akrozom ve kromatin bütünlüğü üzerine etkisiÖzet: Bu çalışma, farklı dondurma hızlarının, eritme sonrası motilite, akrozom bütünlüğü, kromatin yapısı ve apoptozis üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Toplanan sperma örnekleri 30ºC'de 1/5 oranında (sperma/sulandırıcı) Bioxel® (IMV, Fransa) ile sulandırıldı ve 1 saatte +5ºC'ye düşürülerek 2 saat süre ile ekilibrasyona bırakıldı. Ekilibre edilen sperma 0.25 ml'lik payetlere çekilerek iki farklı soğutma hızında (yavaş: +5°C'tan -20°C'a 0.5°C/dak ve hızlı: +5°C'tan -20°C'a 5°C/dak) donduruldu. Her iki grup -20°C'tan -120°C'a 25°C/dak hızla donduruldu. Eritme sonrası (37°C/30 dak) aşamada; akrozom bozukluğu Pisum sativum agglutinin fluorescein conjugate ( FITC PSA) ile kromatin yapısı Acridin Orange (AO) ile ve apoptozis ise terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling tekniği (TUNEL) kullanarak belirlendi. Motilite muayeneleri ısıtma tablalı faz kontrast mikroskop ile gerçekleştirildi. Eritme sonrası motilite, akrozom bozukluğu, AO ve TUNEL değerleri sırasıyla yavaş dondurma için %42.8±8.8, %31.6±12.9, %2.9±2.4 ve 2.8±1.6 hızlı dondurma için ise %36.5±9.9, %24.7±11.1, %3.3±2.2 ve %6.3±3.4 olarak saptandı. Spermanın eritme sonrası bulgularının değerlendirilmesinde akrozom bozukluğu ve sperma kromatin yapısı (AO) yönünde...
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