Due to its tasty and spicy fruit with nutritional qualities, chili is a demanding crop widely farmed around the world. Hence, it is essential to accurately determine the health status of chili for agricultural productivity. Recent years have seen impressive results in recognition fields due to deep learning approaches. However, deep learning models' networks need an abundant data to perform well and collecting enormous data for the networks is time-consuming and resource-intensive. A data augmentation method is proposed to overcome this problem. It was applied to a small dataset of healthy and diseased chili leaf by utilizing geometric transformation method. Eventually, two deep learning models of CNN and ResNet-18 were evaluated using augmented and original datasets. From a series of experiment, it can be concluded that the trained deep learning models using original and augmented datasets perform better with an average accuracy performance of 97%.

The recitation of Quran verses according to the actual tajweed is obligatory and it must be accurate and precise in pronunciation. Hence, it should always be reviewed by an expert on the recitation of the Quran. Through the latest technology, this recitation review can be implemented through an application system and it is most appropriate in this current Covid-19 pandemic situation where system application online is deemed to be developed. In this empirical study, a recognition system so-called the Quranic Verse Recitation Recognition (QVR) system using PocketSphinx to convert the Quranic verse from Arabic sound to Roman text and determine the accuracy of reciters, has been developed. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the system with a user-friendly environment was designed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6 in an Ubuntu platform. A verse of surah al-Ikhlas has been chosen in this study and the data were collected by recording 855 audios as training data recorded by professional reciters. Another 105 audios were collected as testing data, to test the accuracy of the system. The results indicate that the system obtained a 100% accuracy with a 0.00% of word error rate (WER) for both training and testing data of the said audios via Quran Roman text. The system with automatic speech recognition (ASR) engine system demonstrates that it has been successfully designed and developed, and is significant to be extended further. Added, it will be improved with the addition of other Quran surahs.

Chili, an important crop whosefruit is used as a spice, is significantly hampered by the existence of chili diseases.While these diseases pose a significant concern to farmers since they impair the supply of spices to the market, they can be managed and monitored to lessen their impact. Therefore, identifying chili diseases using a pertinent approach is of enormous importance. Over the years, the growth of computational approaches based on image processing has found its application in automated disease identification, leading to the availability of a reliable monitoring tool that produces promising findings for the chili. Numerous research papers on identifying chili diseases using the approaches have been published. Still, to the best knowledge of the author, there has not been a proper attempt to analyze these papers to describe the many steps of diagnosis, including pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of features, as well as identification techniques. Thus, a total of 50 researchpaperpublications on theidentificationof chilidiseases, with publication dates spanning from 2013 to 2021, arereviewed in this paper.Through the findings in this paper, it becomes feasible to comprehend the development trend for the application of computational approaches based on image processing in the identification of chili diseases, as well as the challenges and future directions that require attention from the present research community.

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