Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a particularly attractive material for bone and tooth implants since it does not only closely resemble human tooth and bone mineral but it has also biologically proven to be compatible with these tissues. The applications of pure HA are restricted to non load bearing implants due to the poor mechanical properties of HA. Biomaterials of synthetic HA are highly reliable but the synthesis of HA is often complicate and expensive. Bioceramics of naturally derived biological apatites are more economic. Aim of the present work is to introduce sheep teeth dentine HA material as an alternative source of bioactive biomaterials for grafting purposes. The work was started with such a way that extracted sheep teeth were cleaned. The teeth were calcinated at 850°C in air. It was seen that enamel matter was easily separated from dentine after calcination. The collected dentine parts were crushed and ball milled. The powder was pressed between hardened steel dies to produce samples suitable for compression and microhardness tests. The obtained powder compacts were sintered at different temperatures, specifically 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C in air. Results of microhardness and compression strength (along with the statistical analysis of these results) as well as those of SEM and XRD analyses are presented. In the literature, there is very little information about the mechanical properties of dentine and enamel matter derived from sheep, bovine and human. The highest compression strength value in the present study was measured around 146 MPa (from human dentine derived HA the highest value was almost 60 MPa after sintering at 1300°C). The best microhardness in the present study was found as nearly 125 HV. The results of this study showed that the HA material produced from sheep tooth dentine can be qualified as a promising source of HA needed to produce bioactive ceramics.

This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitude, practice and emotional and psychological concerns related to COVID-19 pandemic among radiology technicians working at pandemic hospitals across Turkey Methods: A total of 228 radiology technicians working at pandemic hospitals across Turkey were included on a voluntary basis in this questionnaire-based online survey The questionnaire form elicited items on sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and personal opinions and experience on COVID-19 outbreak and related protective strategies, along with survey scales including Knowledge on COVID-19 Outbreak Scale (KCS), Knowledge on Protective Strategies for COVID-19 Scale (KPSCS), General Preventive Practices for COVID-19 Scale (GPPCS), Emotional State Scale (ESS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS). Results: Males had lower ESS (p = 0.004) scores and higher FCS (p = 0.026) scores than females. Having a COVID-19 training (63.4 %) was associated with higher KCS (p = 0.006) and PSCS (p < 0.001) scores, while higher KCS was also related with higher PSCS (p < 0.001) and GPPCS (p < 0.0001) and lower ESS (p = 0.004) scores. Those who had knowledge on the facility safety (56.6 %) and risk management (59.2 %) plans had higher scores on KCS, PSCS, GPPCS and FCS, while had lower scores on ESS (p < 0.05 for each). Conclusions: Our findings revealed association of female gender, co-morbid psychiatric disease, lack of training unawareness of safety and risk management plans, lack of experience in COVID-19 imaging and high workload with higher risk of poor emotional state and/or intense fear of the disease among radiology technicians during pandemic. 19 pandemic on healthcare professionals is suggested to vary in different countries, depending on healthcare policies, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), labor and employment conditions and the policies of lockdown, indicating value of local data [11]. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was therefore

The importance of employees with low-burnout tendency, who are highly motivated, satisfied, and healthy, and can cope with stress in a complicated multidisciplinary service sector such as health, is vital. This study covers all healthcare workers and it is aimed at making comparisons in terms of the factors affecting stress management, burnout and job satisfaction in occupational groups. Frequency analysis, independent sample tests, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used for 1237 health professional participants in İstanbul. The results show that the gender is not a significant factor in total burnout tendency rate; but the emotional burnout, personal success, marital status, age, educational background, monthly income and future concerns are effective in subdimensional rates. As far as the difference related to occupation is concerned; in all sub-dimensions of the field; nurses; managerial, technical and assistive personnel of health, except doctors, burnout rate has different results and these differences arise from the doctors. As may be expected, doctors' personal accomplishment average is the highest. Among all sub-dimensions the lowest averages of "Emotional Exhaustion" belong to supporting health personnel. In terms of both endogenous and extraneous satisfaction, whereas doctors have the highest average, the lowest average belongs to health support services employees. In terms of security the difference arises from doctors again whereas the highest average of secure approach belongs to doctors and the lowest belongs to health care technicians. The regulations based on the identified factors using the results obtained will ensure prosperity for both patients and healthcare workers.

Abstract. As a social being, human life continues in communities with other people. Human being is the only entity that communicates with highly complex learned behaviors that include best use of gestures and mimics, advanced reflex and instinct language as well as language. In our study, we wanted to determine the communication skills of university students with their socio-demographic characteristics. Two separate forms were used in the study. The evaluation of the obtained data was done by SPSS (Version 16.0) Statistical Package Program. The target population of the study is composed of students studying at Marmara University. In the direction of the data obtained within the scope of the research it was observed that the communication skills of the students studying in the departments providing health education are higher. University students are encouraged to develop listening skills and create an environment in which they can express themselves better.