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Objective: Approximately 80% of women in reproductive age experience some premenstrual ‎phase-related changes in the menstrual cycle. We aimed to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and ‎premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptom frequency among women aged 15-49 years in a family practice catchment area. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the women registered to a family practice center in İzmir Bayraklı. Out of 522 women at the age of 15-49 years, 198 participants filled the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) and answered demographic questions. The main outcome measures were the presence of “premenstrual ‎symptoms” and “premenstrual syndrome”. Results: The mean age, waist circumference and BMI of the women were 29.3±9.1 years, 80.4±13.2 ‎cm and 25.2±5.1 kg/m2, respectively. Of the participants, 68.2% (n=131) were single and 60.4% ‎‎ (n=116) were housewives. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was present in all the women involved in the study. Of ‎these, 3.6% were evaluated as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). None of the ‎independent variables in the study revealed as risk factors for PMDD (p>0.05). Mean PAF scores were ‎2.22±0.90‎. There was no correlation between PAF scores and the studied variables except for waist ‎circumference (r = -0.17; p = 0.02). The sociodemographic variables ‎were not related with PMS (p> 0.05).‎ Conclusions: Training and counseling on the causes and ‎symptoms of PMS should be provided to women, particularly in primary health care facilities, and in-service trainings should be ‎conducted to provide information to the staff working in family practice centers.‎

Introduction: Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS) is a complication of Diabetes mellitus observed with high serum glucose, absence of ketone bodies and high hyperosmolarity. HHNS is a medical emergency requiring prompt recognition and treatment. Case report: A 52 year old diabetic Turkish woman is admitted to our institution with +2 positive excretion of glucose in urine, high level of plasma glucose of 515 mg/dL and hiperosmolality (328 mOsm/kg). A careful treatment with intravenous fluids, potassium and use of insulin (0.1U/kg IV bolus and continuous IV infusion of 0.1U/kg). When her plasma glucose level decreased to normal levels, the patient was discharged with commitments for her effective diabetes therapy.