This paper focuses on aerospace image analysis methods. Aerospace images are considered for the study of agricultural crops of northern Kazakhstan belonging to the A. I. Barayev Research and Production Center for Grain Farming. The main goal of the research is the development and implementation of algorithms that make it possible to detect and highlight on aerospace images the factors that negatively affect the growth of crops over the growing seasons. To resolve the problem, the spectral brightness coefficient (SBC), NDVI, clustering, orthogonal transformations are used. Special attention was paid to the development of software tools for selecting characteristics that describe texture differences to segment texture regions into sub-regions. That is, the issue of the applicability of sets of textural features and orthogonal transformations for the analysis of experimental data to identify characteristic areas on aerospace images that can be associated with weeds, pests, etc. in the future was investigated. The questions of signal image processing remain the focus of attention of different specialists. The images act both as a result and as a research object in physics, astronautics, meteorology, forensic medicine and many other areas of science and technology. Furthermore, image processing systems are currently being used to resolve many applied problems. A program has been implemented in the MATLAB environment that allows performing spectral transformations of six types: 1) cosine; 2) Hadamard of order 2n; 3) Hadamard of order n=p+1, p≡3 (mod4); 4) Haar; 5) slant; 6) Daubechies 4. Analysis of the data obtained revealed the features of changes in the reflectivity of cultivated crops and weeds in certain periods of the growing season. The data obtained are of great importance for the validation of remote space observations using aerospace images

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<span lang="EN-US">Image processing systems are currently used to solve many applied problems. The article is devoted to the identification of negative factors affecting the growth of grain in different periods of harvesting, using a program implemented in the MATLAB software environment, based on aerial photographs. The program is based on the Law’s textural mask method and successive clustering. This paper presents the algorithm of the program and shows the results of image processing by highlighting the uniformity of the image. To solve the problem, the spectral luminance coefficient (SBC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Law’s textural mask method, and clustering are used. This approach is general and has great potential for identifying objects and territories with different boundary properties on controlled aerial photographs using groups of images of the same surface taken at different vegetation periods. That is, the applicability of sets of Laws texture masks with original image enhancement for the analysis of experimental data on the identification of pest outbreaks is being investigated.</span>

The application method of granular fertilizers and wheat seeds depends on the colter design and parameters. In this research, a new double disc colter is studied to apply the wheat seeds to the horizontal band 12 cm in width and apply granular fertilizers deeper 2 cm than the wheat seed level precisely to the middle of the band. Applying granular fertilizers and wheat seeds at different levels increases the granular fertilizer dose without harm to the wheat seeds. Furthermore, applying high doses of wheat seeds to the horizontal band decreases the competition between the seeds and suppresses the weeds. Therefore, preparing a plain seedbed after applying the fertilizers and distributing wheat seeds to the horizontal band was the research objective. The comparison experiments of the base and designed double disc colters were provided in the soil bin determining the horizontal and vertical forces and the placement of the fertilizers and seeds. The discrete element method (DEM) was used to track the soil particle behavior interacting with the double-disc colter. The simulation results and actual experiment results were satisfactory when the AB length of the wing orifice was 60 mm.

The article presents the results of conducting primary seed production of virus-free original and zoned potato varieties in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The creation and introduction into the production of new virus-free highly productive potato varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits is a priority for the national economy of any state. Providing potato-growing farms with high-quality seeds of local varieties has been and remains an acute problem for the industry. The data on the yield and quality of tubers depending on the reproduction of potatoes are presented. So, when assessing the yield of virus-free potato varieties, a good indicator was observed in Dunyasha (12.7 t/ha), Zeren (9.2 t/ha), and Sante (6.4 t/ha). When harvesting from an area of 0.6 ha, 3.4 tons of super-elite potatoes were harvested with an average yield of 5.7 t/ha.