The authors of the article analyze the Russian and English phraseological terms in the field of construction and architecture and reveal the absolutely identical, full and partial phraseological equivalents, phraseological analogues, calques and half-calques. It helps to identify and describe the linguistic peculiarities of this sphere of knowledge in the process of comparative analysis. The absolutely identical phraseological equivalence is shown in the examples of compared meanings of phraseological units, their style, structure, image and grammatical form. Absolute phraseological equivalents are distinguished when phraseological units coincide semantically, stylistically and lexically, and their partial coincidence is found on the morphological level. Partial phraseological equivalents of scientific and technical terms in the field of construction and architecture coincide with Russian phraseological units semantically, stylistically and lexically in some cases. Phraseological analogues can be singled out when phraseological units coincide in meaning and style, but differ in their image.
Representation of cognitive area and revealing terminological characteristics of the Russian and English names of building materials (NBMs) determine the topicality of the research and the article’s problematic. The authors of the article analyze the Russian and English NBMs and reveal their main stages with the comparative description, and chооse the definition of the names, in which the basic word-identifier of the leading cognitive features have been highlighted. These features have become the basics for the formation of the thematic groups. The classification of the names of building materials is formed from five groups: organic materials / orgonicheskie materialy; inorganic materials / neorgonicheskie materialy; metals and metal products / metaly i izdelija iz nih; other building materials / prochie stroitel’nye materialy; properties of building materials / svojstva stroitel’nyh materialov. Properties of building materials is subdivided into models according to their structural characteristics: physical properties / fizicheskie svoystva; mechanical properties / mehanicheskie svojstva; defects / defekty.
Репрезентация когнитивной сферы, выявление идеографических характеристик эмотивной лексики и фразеологии русского и английского жаргонов наркоманов определяют актуальность темы и проблематику статьи, которая позволяет выявить и описать языковой и социокультурный мир наркоманов. В данной статье основные виды деятельности и интересы лиц, принадлежащих к данному социокультурному сообществу, классифицируются четырьмя направлениями: «бизнес», «удовольствие», «болезнь» и «конечный результат», которые раскрывают основные характеристики жаргона наркоманов, проявляющихся в эмоциональном отношении к реалиям, эксплицируя таким образом антиценностную аксиологию картины мира жаргона наркоманов.Цель. Целью статьи является систематическое и сопоставительное описание жаргона наркоманов русского и английского языков в аспекте их социолингвистических характеристик.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют типологическое описание анализируемого материала. Метод частичной выборки лексем и фразеологизмов из жаргонных и арготических словарей; компонентного анализа; когнитивного и идеографического моделирования.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что предложена новая классификация для характеристики русского и английского жаргонов наркоманов, уточнены представления о смысловой структуре эмотивных языковых единиц жаргона наркоманов, об аффективных сторонах языковой личности исследуемой субкультуры.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере социальной диалектологии, лексикологии, фразеологии и аксиолингвистики.
The article discusses the main trends in the process of building creativity in engineering students. It is highlighted that the productivity of an engineer's activity is determined not only by modern techniques and technologies, but also by the personal potential of the engineer as a creator. The authors investigate the problem of shaping the qualities of a creative personality in engineering students and the development of professionally important competences. The authors' study of the views of various researchers made it possible to identify the main trends in the formation of creative thinking among students in a technical university. Particular attention is paid to the technical bilingualism of the future specialist. It becomes a prerequisite for future success in the profession. Fluent knowledge of a foreign language and the ability to read technical documentation in another language on a par with Russian makes an engineer in demand, and creates more realistic conditions for Russia's integration into the world system of industrial relations. Some directions for the development of students' creative thinking are shown.
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