The article presents the results of research on application of sintering and crystallization initiators based on a composition of blast-furnace granulated slag and glass wastes in the ceramic masses for production of ceramic paving blocks by vibro-pressing. The leading role of sintering and crystallization initiators in assuring the strong and dense structure of ceramic pieces was updated. The main laws of changes in physical and mechanical properties of ceramic paving stone samples depending on the amount of sintering and crystallization initiators in the burning temperature range 950–1000 °C have been established. It was determined that the availability of finely dispersed glass powder (fraction less than 0.1 mm) as a component of crystallization sintering initiators contributes to early emergence of liquid phase in the ceramic mass, as softening temperature of glass powder begins already at 720–750 °C. According to the results of X-ray phase and electron microscopic analysis it was determined that crystallization of low-temperature form of ß-wollastonite (CaSiO3) is observed in the samples burnt at the temperature range of 950–1000 °C. It was proved that the availability of ß-wollastonite in the ceramic mass serves as a reinforcing component. It has been established that high strength values are achieved in those compositions where ß-wollastonite crystallization in the burning products is the highest. As a result of scientific and experimental work the feasibility of producing the ceramic paving stones by vibropressing containing sintering and crystallization initiators that meet the requirements of quality, aesthetics, environmental friendliness, resource- and energy-saving was proved.

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Background: The paper presents the findings of a broad analytical review of the use of bentonite clays as a mineral feed additive in poultry farming in order to increase productivity and prevent diseases. It has been shown that an important direction in improving the technology of veterinary preventive measures is the introduction of new methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases in quails with the use of drugs with bioactive properties that can have a regulatory effect on the intensity of metabolic processes and enhance the functional activity of organs and body systems. The emphasis is placed on the unique properties of bentonite as high adsorption, catalytic, and ion-exchange activity. Methods: Using the comparison method, the authors studied preliminary studies of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the montmorillonite clay of the Pogadaevsky deposit of the West Kazakhstan region. The method of scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the local elemental composition of the provided samples. The mass spectrometry method was used to determine the chemical elemental composition. In addition, the X-ray diffractometry method was used to determine the mineralogical composition. Results: According to the results of scientific and experimental research, it was established that the studied clay has a significant sorption activity. Conclusion: The first scientific experiments on the effect of bentonite-like (montmorillonite) clay on the egg production of quails showed its significant effectiveness.

The analysis of soil and groundwater chemical composition in Kazakhstan has showed that they contain soluble salts of various concentrations. Therefore, one of the problematic tasks in constructing pile foundations on seasonally frozen soils with aggressive media is not only about to ensure proper pile driving, but also to ensure their chemical resistance against soluble salts. The main factors affecting the pile foundations when driving their permanently and seasonally frozen soils have been identified. It was established that as the main factors in the technology of driving pile foundations in frozen soils are the depth of freezing soil and appropriate method of driving piles. It has been established that in many cases construction is carried out in soils with aggressive environments, which raises new challenges for ensuring the chemical resistance of pile foundations. To ensure the chemical stability of pile foundations, new chemically active additives are proposed in the form of siliceous rock - flask and thermolitic sand. The results of the studies, it has been found that the use of siliceous rock-flask in the form of a filler in the composition of cement binder and thermolithic sand increases the chemical resistance of concrete in conditions of high-intensity salt and acid aggression by almost 1.5-3 times, respectively, in comparison with concrete on quartz sand.